Journal article
Geographic variation in availability of opioid treatment programs across U.S. communities
Journal of addictive diseases, Vol.42(2), pp.136-146
04/02/2024
DOI: 10.1080/10550887.2023.2165869
PMID: 36645315
Abstract
Methadone for Opioid Use Disorder (OUD) treatment is only dispensed at Opioid Treatment Programs (OTPs). Little is known about the geographic variation in OTP availability and community characteristics associated with the availability across smaller geographic communities in the U.S. To (1) describe geographic distribution of OTPs and (2) examine OTP availability by community characteristics in the contiguous U.S. at Zip Code Area Tabulation (ZCTA) level. Logistic regression was used to examine community characteristics associated with OTP availability (N = 30,367). Chi-square and t-tests were conducted to examine statistically significant differences in OTP availability. Maps and descriptive statistics were used to examine geographic variation in OTP availability. Only 5% (1,417) of ZCTAs had at least one OTP for a total of 1,682 OTPs. Rural ZCTAs had 50% lower odds of having an OTP compared to urban ZCTAs [AOR 0.5; (95% CI: 0.41-0.60)]. ZCTAs in the lowest income quartile had higher odds of having an OTP compared to ZCTAs in the highest income quartile [AOR 3.4; (95% CI: 2.71-4.18)]. Further, ZCTAs with OTPs had a higher proportion of minority residents [Black: 17.5% vs. 7.2%; Hispanic: 19.2% vs. 9%] and a lower proportion of White residents [55.1% vs. 78.2%]. Nationally, OTPs are extremely scarce with notable regional and urban-rural disparities. Potential solutions to address these disparities are discussed.
Details
- Title: Subtitle
- Geographic variation in availability of opioid treatment programs across U.S. communities
- Creators
- Sadia Jehan - University of South CarolinaWhitney E. Zahnd - University of IowaNikki R. Wooten - University of South CarolinaKristen D. Seay - University of South Carolina
- Resource Type
- Journal article
- Publication Details
- Journal of addictive diseases, Vol.42(2), pp.136-146
- Publisher
- Taylor & Francis
- DOI
- 10.1080/10550887.2023.2165869
- PMID
- 36645315
- ISSN
- 1055-0887
- eISSN
- 1545-0848
- Language
- English
- Electronic publication date
- 01/05/2023
- Date published
- 04/02/2024
- Academic Unit
- Health Management and Policy
- Record Identifier
- 9984360142002771
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