Journal article
Global burden of diseases, injuries, and risk factors for young people's health during 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013
The Lancet (British edition), Vol.387(10036), pp.2383-2401
06/11/2016
DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)00648-6
PMID: 27174305
Abstract
Young people's health has emerged as a neglected yet pressing issue in global development. Changing patterns of young people's health have the potential to undermine future population health as well as global economic development unless timely and effective strategies are put into place. We report the past, present, and anticipated burden of disease in young people aged 10-24 years from 1990 to 2013 using data on mortality, disability, injuries, and health risk factors.
The Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 (GBD 2013) includes annual assessments for 188 countries from 1990 to 2013, covering 306 diseases and injuries, 1233 sequelae, and 79 risk factors. We used the comparative risk assessment approach to assess how much of the burden of disease reported in a given year can be attributed to past exposure to a risk. We estimated attributable burden by comparing observed health outcomes with those that would have been observed if an alternative or counterfactual level of exposure had occurred in the past. We applied the same method to previous years to allow comparisons from 1990 to 2013. We cross-tabulated the quantiles of disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) by quintiles of DALYs annual increase from 1990 to 2013 to show rates of DALYs increase by burden. We used the GBD 2013 hierarchy of causes that organises 306 diseases and injuries into four levels of classification. Level one distinguishes three broad categories: first, communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional disorders; second, non-communicable diseases; and third, injuries. Level two has 21 mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive categories, level three has 163 categories, and level four has 254 categories.
The leading causes of death in 2013 for young people aged 10-14 years were HIV/AIDS, road injuries, and drowning (25·2%), whereas transport injuries were the leading cause of death for ages 15-19 years (14·2%) and 20-24 years (15·6%). Maternal disorders were the highest cause of death for young women aged 20-24 years (17·1%) and the fourth highest for girls aged 15-19 years (11·5%) in 2013. Unsafe sex as a risk factor for DALYs increased from the 13th rank to the second for both sexes aged 15-19 years from 1990 to 2013. Alcohol misuse was the highest risk factor for DALYs (7·0% overall, 10·5% for males, and 2·7% for females) for young people aged 20-24 years, whereas drug use accounted for 2·7% (3·3% for males and 2·0% for females). The contribution of risk factors varied between and within countries. For example, for ages 20-24 years, drug use was highest in Qatar and accounted for 4·9% of DALYs, followed by 4·8% in the United Arab Emirates, whereas alcohol use was highest in Russia and accounted for 21·4%, followed by 21·0% in Belarus. Alcohol accounted for 9·0% (ranging from 4·2% in Hong Kong to 11·3% in Shandong) in China and 11·6% (ranging from 10·1% in Aguascalientes to 14·9% in Chihuahua) of DALYs in Mexico for young people aged 20-24 years. Alcohol and drug use in those aged 10-24 years had an annual rate of change of >1·0% from 1990 to 2013 and accounted for more than 3·1% of DALYs.
Our findings call for increased efforts to improve health and reduce the burden of disease and risks for diseases in later life in young people. Moreover, because of the large variations between countries in risks and burden, a global approach to improve health during this important period of life will fail unless the particularities of each country are taken into account. Finally, our results call for a strategy to overcome the financial and technical barriers to adequately capture young people's health risk factors and their determinants in health information systems.
Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
Details
- Title: Subtitle
- Global burden of diseases, injuries, and risk factors for young people's health during 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013
- Creators
- Ali H Mokdad - Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. Electronic address: mokdaa@uw.eduMohammad Hossein Forouzanfar - Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USAFarah Daoud - Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USAArwa A Mokdad - Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USACharbel El Bcheraoui - Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USAMaziar Moradi-Lakeh - Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Community Medicine, Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranHmwe Hmwe Kyu - Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USARyan M Barber - Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USAJoseph Wagner - Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USAKelly Cercy - Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USAHannah Kravitz - Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USAMegan Coggeshall - Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USAAdrienne Chew - Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USAKevin F O'Rourke - Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USACaitlyn Steiner - Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USAMarwa Tuffaha - Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USARaghid Charara - Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USAEssam Abdullah Al-Ghamdi - Saudi Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaYaser Adi - Saudi Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaRima A Afifi - Department of Health Promotion and Community Health, American University of Beirut, Beirut, LebanonHanan Alahmadi - Institute of Public Administration, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaFadia AlBuhairan - King Abdullah Specialized Children's Hospital, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaNicholas Allen - Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USAMohammad AlMazroa - Saudi Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaAbdulwahab A Al-Nehmi - Ministry of Health, Sana'a, YemenZulfa AlRayess - Saudi Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaMonika Arora - Public Health Foundation of India, Delhi, IndiaPeter Azzopardi - Centre for Adolescent Health, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia; South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia; South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, AustraliaCarmen Barroso - International Planned Parenthood Federation, New York, NY, USAMohammed Basulaiman - Saudi Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaZulfiqar A Bhutta - Center of Excellence in Women and Child Health, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan; Centre for Global Child Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, CanadaChris Bonell - Department of Social Science, UCL Institute of Education, University College London, London, UKCecilia Breinbauer - Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USALouisa Degenhardt - National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, AustraliaDonna Denno - Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USAJing Fang - Institute for Health Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming City, ChinaAdesegun Fatusi - Department of Community Health, College of Health Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, NigeriaAndrea B Feigl - Department of Global Health and Population, TH Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USARitsuko Kakuma - Global and Cultural Mental Health Unit, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, AustraliaNadim Karam - University of Balamand, Beirut, LebanonElissa Kennedy - Centre for International Health, Burnet Institute and School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, AustraliaTawfik A M Khoja - Executive Board, Health Ministers' Council for Cooperation Council States, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaFadi Maalouf - Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Psychiatry; Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, LebanonCarla Makhlouf Obermeyer - Center for Research on Population and Health; Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, LebanonAmitabh Mattoo - Melbourne School of Government, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Australia India Institute, Carlton, VIC, Australia; School of International Studies, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, Delhi, IndiaTerry McGovern - Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USAZiad A Memish - Saudi Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaGeorge A Mensah - Center for Translation Research and Implementation Science, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USAVikram Patel - Public Health Foundation of India, Delhi, India; Department of Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UKSuzanne Petroni - International Center for Research on Women, Washington, DC, USANicola Reavley - Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, AustraliaDiego Rios Zertuche - Salud Mesoamérica 2015 Initiative, Panama City, PanamaMohammad Saeedi - Saudi Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaJohn Santelli - Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USASusan M Sawyer - Centre for Adolescent Health, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, AustraliaFred Ssewamala - International Center for Child Health and Asset Development, Columbia University, New York, NY, USAKikelomo Taiwo - The Lancet Youth, Lancet Commission on Adolescent Health and Wellbeing, London, UKMuhammad Tantawy - Saudi Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaRussell M Viner - Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UKJane Waldfogel - School of Social Work, Columbia University, New York, NY, USAMaria Paola Zuñiga - Salud Mesoamérica 2015 Initiative, Panama City, PanamaMohsen Naghavi - Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USAHaidong Wang - Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USATheo Vos - Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USAAlan D Lopez - Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, AustraliaAbdullah A Al Rabeeah - Saudi Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaGeorge C Patton - Centre for Adolescent Health, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, AustraliaChristopher J L Murray - Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Resource Type
- Journal article
- Publication Details
- The Lancet (British edition), Vol.387(10036), pp.2383-2401
- DOI
- 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)00648-6
- PMID
- 27174305
- NLM abbreviation
- Lancet
- ISSN
- 0140-6736
- eISSN
- 1474-547X
- Publisher
- England
- Grant note
- name: Australian National Health and Medical Research Council Principal Research Fellowship, award: 1041742
- Language
- English
- Date published
- 06/11/2016
- Academic Unit
- Injury Prevention Research Center; Community and Behavioral Health
- Record Identifier
- 9984064193802771
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