Journal article
Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy
Autophagy, Vol.8(4), pp.445-544
04/01/2012
DOI: 10.4161/auto.19496
PMCID: PMC3404883
PMID: 22966490
Abstract
In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process vs. those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process); thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from stimuli that result in increased autophagic activity, defined as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the field understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to monitor autophagy. In these guidelines, we consider these various methods of assessing autophagy and what information can, or cannot, be obtained from them. Finally, by discussing the merits and limits of particular autophagy assays, we hope to encourage technical innovation in the field.
Details
- Title: Subtitle
- Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy
- Creators
- Daniel J. Klionsky - University of MichiganShunhei Yamashina - Juntendo UniversityFabio C. Abdalla - Federal University of São CarlosMichiaki YamashitaHagai Abeliovich - Hebrew University of JerusalemXianghua Yan - Okinawa Institute of Science and TechnologyRobert T. Abraham - PfizerMitsuhiro Yanagida - Okinawa Institute of Science and TechnologyAbraham Acevedo-Arozena - Medical Research CouncilDun-Sheng Yang - New York UniversityElizabeth Yang - Vanderbilt UniversityHyung Jun Ahn - Korea Institute of Science and TechnologyZhifen Yang - Discovery InstituteKhosrow Adeli - University of TorontoTakahiko Akematsu - York UniversityBehzad Yeganeh - University of ManitobaMeng-Chao Yao - Academia SinicaShi Yu Yang - University College LondonHesham M. Al-Younes - University of JordanJia-Jing Yin - Harbin Medical UniversityOuardia Ait-Mohamed - University of ParisLotta Agholme - Linköping UniversityPatrizia Agostinis - KU LeuvenMunir A. Al-Zeer - Max Planck SocietyXiao-Ming Yin - Indiana UniversityMaria Agnello - University of PalermoSlimane Ait-Si-Ali - Université Paris CitéWannian Yang - Geisinger Medical CenterMatthew L. Albert - Institut PasteurOok-Joon Yoo - Korea Advanced Institute of Science and TechnologyShizuo Akira - Osaka UniversityTso-Pang Yao - Duke UniversityJulio A. Aguirre-Ghiso - New York UniversityRoger L. Albin - University of MichiganGyesoon Yoon - Ajou UniversityWei-Lien Yen - University of Michigan–Ann ArborJin-Ming YangWei Yuan Yang - Academia SinicaJavier Alegre-Abarrategui - University of OxfordSeung-Yong Yoon - University of UlsanMaria Francesca Aleo - University of BresciaMehrdad Alirezaei - Scripps Research InstituteAlexandru Almasan - Cleveland ClinicMaylin Almonte-Becerril - Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic InstituteAtsuo Amano - The University of OsakaRavi K. Amaravadi - University of PennsylvaniaShoba Amarnath - National Institutes of HealthAmal O. Amer - The Ohio State UniversityNathalie Andrieu-Abadie - Université Toulouse III - Paul SabatierVellareddy Anantharam - Iowa State UniversityDavid K. Ann - City Of Hope National Medical CenterShailendra Anoopkumar-Dukie - Griffith UniversityHiroshi Aoki - Niigata UniversityNadezda Apostolova - Universitat de ValènciaGiuseppe Arancia - Istituto Superiore di SanitàJohn P. Aris - University of FloridaKatsuhiko Asanuma - Juntendo UniversityNana Y.O. AsareHisashi Ashida - Kyoto UniversityValerie Askanas - University of Southern CaliforniaDavid S. Askew - University of CincinnatiPatrick Auberger - Université Côte d'AzurMisuzu Baba - Kogakuin UniversitySteven K. Backues - University of Michigan–Ann ArborEric H. Baehrecke - University of Massachusetts Chan Medical SchoolBen A. Bahr - University of North Carolina at PembrokeXue-Yuan BaiYannick Bailly - University of StrasbourgRobert Baiocchi - The Ohio State UniversityGiulia Baldini - University of Arkansas for Medical SciencesWalter Balduini - University of UrbinoAndrea Ballabio - University of Naples Federico IIBruce A. Bamber - University of ToledoEdward T.W. Bampton - University of LeicesterGábor Juhász - Eötvös Loránd UniversityClinton R. Bartholomew - University of Michigan–Ann ArborDiane C. Bassham - Iowa State UniversityRobert C. Bast - The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHenri Batoko - Université Catholique de LouvainBoon-Huat Bay - National University of SingaporeIsabelle Beau - InsermDaniel M. Béchet - University of AuvergneThomas J. Begley - University at Albany, State University of New YorkChristian Behl - Johannes Gutenberg University of MainzChristian BehrendsSoumeya BekriBryan Bellaire - Iowa State UniversityLinda J. Bendall - University of SydneyLuca Benetti - MSDLaura Berliocchi - Magna Graecia UniversityHenri Bernardi - University of MontpellierFrancesca Bernassola - University of Rome Tor VergataSébastien Besteiro - French National Centre for Scientific ResearchIngrid Bhatia-Kissova - Comenius UniversityXiaoning Bi - Western University of Health SciencesMartine Biard-Piechaczyk - French National Centre for Scientific ResearchJanice S. Blum - Indiana UniversityLawrence H. Boise - Emory UniversityPaolo Bonaldo - University of PaduaDavid L. Boone - University of ChicagoBeat C. Bornhauser - University of ZurichKarina R. Bortoluci - Federal University of São PauloIoannis Bossis - University of Maryland, College ParkFrédéric Bost - Université Côte d'AzurJean-Pierre Bourquin - University of ZurichPatricia Boya - Spanish National Research CouncilMichaël Boyer-Guittaut - University of Franche-ComtéPeter V. Bozhkov - Swedish University of Agricultural SciencesNathan R Brady - Heidelberg UniversityClaudio Brancolini - University of UdineAndreas Brech - University of OsloJay E. Brenman - University of North Carolina at Chapel HillAna Brennand - Université Catholique de LouvainEmery H. Bresnick - University of Wisconsin–MadisonPatrick Brest - Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de NiceDave Bridges - University of Michigan–Ann ArborMolly L. Bristol - Virginia Commonwealth UniversityPaul S. Brookes - University of RochesterEric J. Brown - GenentechJohn H. Brumell - University of TorontoNicola Brunetti-PierriUlf T. Brunk - Linköping UniversityDennis E. Bulman - University of OttawaScott J. Bultman - University of North Carolina at Chapel HillGeert Bultynck - KU LeuvenLena F. Burbulla - University of TübingenWilfried Bursch - Medical University of ViennaJonathan P. Butchar - The Ohio State UniversityWanda Buzgariu - University of GenevaSergio P. Bydlowski - Universidade de São PauloKen Cadwell - New York UniversityMonika CahováDongsheng Cai - Yeshiva UniversityJiyang Cai - Vanderbilt UniversityQian Cai - Rutgers, The State University of New JerseyBruno Calabretta - Thomas Jefferson UniversityJavier Calvo-Garrido - Autonomous University of MadridNadine Camougrand - University of BordeauxMichelangelo Campanella - Royal Veterinary CollegeJenny Campos-Salinas - Spanish National Research CouncilEleonora Candi - University of Rome Tor VergataLizhi Cao - Central South UniversityAllan B. Caplan - University of IdahoSimon R. Carding - University of East AngliaSandra M. Cardoso - University of CoimbraJennifer S. Carew - The University of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioCathleen R. Carlin - Case Western Reserve UniversityVirginie Carmignac - Lund UniversityLeticia A.M. Carneiro - Federal University of Rio de JaneiroSerena Carra - University of Modena and Reggio EmiliaRosario A. Caruso - University of MessinaGiorgio Casari - Vita-Salute San Raffaele UniversityCaty Casas - Autonomous University of BarcelonaRoberta Castino - University of Eastern Piedmont Amadeo AvogadroEduardo Cebollero - Utrecht UniversityFrancesco Cecconi - University of Rome Tor VergataJean Celli - National Institutes of HealthHassan Chaachouay - University of TübingenHan-Jung Chae - Jeonbuk National UniversityChee-Yin Chai - Kaohsiung Medical UniversityDavid C. Chan - California Institute of TechnologyEdmond Y. Chan - University of StrathclydeRaymond Chuen-Chung Chang - University of Hong KongChi-Ming Che - University of Hong KongChing-Chow Chen - National Taiwan UniversityGuang-Chao Chen - Academia SinicaGuo-Qiang Chen - Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityMin Chen - Baylor College of MedicineQuan Chen - Chinese Academy of SciencesSteve S.-L. Chen - Academia SinicaWenLi ChenXi Chen - Zhejiang UniversityXiangmei ChenXiequn Chen - Air Force Medical UniversityYe-Guang Chen - Tsinghua UniversityYingyu Chen - Peking UniversityYongqiang Chen - University of Michigan–Ann ArborYu-Jen Chen - Mackay Memorial HospitalZhixiang Chen - Purdue University West LafayetteAlan Cheng - University of LouisvilleChristopher H.K. Cheng - Chinese University of Hong KongYan Cheng - Pennsylvania State UniversityHeesun Cheong - Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterJae-Ho Cheong - Yonsei UniversitySara Cherry - University of PennsylvaniaRuss Chess-Williams - Bond UniversityZelda H. Cheung - University of Hong KongEric Chevet - University of BordeauxHui-Ling Chiang - Pennsylvania State UniversityRoberto Chiarelli - University of PalermoTomoki Chiba - University of TsukubaLih-Shen Chin - Emory UniversityShih-Hwa Chiou - National Yang-Ming UniversityFrancis V. Chisari - Scripps Research InstituteChi Hin Cho - Chinese University of Hong KongDong-Hyung Cho - Kyung Hee UniversityAugustine M.K. Choi - Harvard UniversityDooSeok ChoiKyeong Sook Choi - Ajou UniversityMary E. Choi - Harvard UniversitySalem Chouaib - Institut Gustave RoussyDivaker Choubey - University of CincinnatiVinay Choubey - University of TartuCharleen T. Chu - University of PittsburghTsung-Hsien Chuang - National Health Research InstitutesSheau-Huei Chueh - National Defense Medical CenterTaehoon Chun - Korea UniversityYong-Joon Chwae - Ajou UniversityMee-Len Chye - University of Hong KongRoberto Ciarcia - University of Naples Federico IIMaria R. Ciriolo - University of Rome Tor VergataMichael J. Clague - University of LiverpoolRobert S.B. Clark - University of PittsburghPeter G.H. Clarke - University of LausanneRobert Clarke - Georgetown UniversityPatrice Codogno - InsermHilary A. Coller - Princeton UniversityMaría I. Colombo - National University of CuyoSergio Comincini - University of PaviaMaria Condello - Istituto Superiore di SanitàFabrizio Condorelli - University of Eastern Piedmont Amadeo AvogadroMark R. Cookson - National Institutes of HealthGraham H. Coombs - University of StrathclydeIsabelle Coppens - Johns Hopkins UniversityRamon Corbalan - Pontificia Universidad Católica de ChilePascale Cossart - InsermPaola Costelli - University of TurinSafia Costes - University of California, Los AngelesAna Coto-Montes - University of OviedoEduardo Couve - Valparaiso UniversityFraser P. Coxon - University of AberdeenJames M. Cregg - Keck Graduate InstituteJosé L. Crespo - Spanish National Research CouncilMarianne J. Cronjé - University of JohannesburgAna Maria Cuervo - Yeshiva UniversityJoseph J. Cullen - University of IowaMark J. Czaja - Yeshiva UniversityMarcello D'Amelio - Università Campus Bio-MedicoArlette Darfeuille-MichaudLester M. Davids - University of Cape TownFaith E. DaviesMassimo De Felici - University of Rome Tor VergataJohn F. de Groot - The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterCornelis A.M. de HaanLuisa De Martino - University of Naples Federico IIAngelo De Milito - Karolinska InstituteVincenzo De Tata - University of PisaJayanta Debnath - University of California, San FranciscoAlexei Degterev - Tufts UniversityBenjamin Dehay - French National Centre for Scientific ResearchLea M.D. Delbridge - University of MelbourneFrancesca DemarchiYi Zhen Deng - National University of SingaporeJörn DengjelPaul Dent - Virginia Commonwealth UniversityDonna Denton - University of AdelaideVojo Deretic - University of New MexicoShyamal D. Desai - Louisiana State UniversityRodney J. Devenish - Monash UniversityMario Di Gioacchino - University of Chieti-PescaraGilbert Di Paolo - Columbia UniversityChiara Di Pietro - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and MedicineGuillermo Díaz-Araya - University of ChileInés Díaz-Laviada - University of AlcaláMaria T. Diaz-Meco - Discovery InstituteJavier Diaz-Nido - Autonomous University of MadridIvan Dikic - Goethe University FrankfurtSavithramma P. Dinesh-Kumar - University of California, DavisWen-Xing Ding - University of KansasClark W. Distelhorst - Case Western Reserve UniversityAbhinav Diwan - Washington University in St. LouisMojgan Djavaheri-Mergny - University of BordeauxSvetlana DokudovskayaZheng Dong - Augusta UniversityFrank C. Dorsey - Eli LillyVictor DosenkoJames J. Dowling - University of MichiganStephen Doxsey - University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolMarlène Dreux - École Normale Supérieure de LyonMark E. Drew - The Ohio State UniversityQiuhong Duan - Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyMichel A. Duchosal - University of LausanneKaren E. Duff - Columbia UniversityIsabelle Dugail - Sorbonne UniversityMadeleine Durbeej - Lund UniversityMichael Duszenko - University of TübingenCharles L. Edelstein - University of Colorado DenverAimee L. Edinger - University of California, IrvineGustavo Egea - University of BarcelonaLudwig Eichinger - University of CologneN. Tony Eissa - Baylor College of MedicineSuhendan Ekmekcioglu - The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterWafik S. El-Deiry - Pennsylvania State UniversityZvulun Elazar - Weizmann Institute of ScienceMohamed Elgendy - University of MilanLisa M. Ellerby - Buck Institute for Research on AgingKai Er Eng - Karolinska InstituteAnna-Mart Engelbrecht - Stellenbosch UniversitySimone Engelender - Technion – Israel Institute of TechnologyJekaterina Erenpreisa - Latvian Biomedical Research and Study CentreRicardo Escalante - Autonomous University of MadridAudrey Esclatine - InsermEeva-Liisa Eskelinen - University of HelsinkiLucile Espert - French National Centre for Scientific ResearchVirginia Espina - George Mason UniversityHuizhou Fan - Rutgers, The State University of New JerseyJia Fan - Fudan UniversityQi-Wen Fan - University of California, San FranciscoZhen Fan - The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterShengyun Fang - University of Maryland, BaltimoreYongqi Fang - Guangzhou UniversityManolis Fanto - King's College LondonAlessandro Fanzani - University of BresciaThomas FarkasJean-Claude Farre - University of California, San DiegoMathias Faure - Claude Bernard University Lyon 1Marcus Fechheimer - University of GeorgiaCarl G. Feng - National Institutes of HealthJian Feng - University at Buffalo, State University of New YorkQili Feng - South China Normal UniversityYouji Feng - Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityLászló Fésüs - University of DebrecenRalph Feuer - San Diego State UniversityMaria E. Figueiredo-Pereira - City University of New YorkGian Maria FimiaDiane C. Fingar - University of Michigan–Ann ArborSteven Finkbeiner - University of California, San FranciscoToren Finkel - National Institutes of HealthKim D. Finley - San Diego State UniversityFilomena Fiorito - University of Naples Federico IIEdward A. Fisher - New York UniversityPaul B. Fisher - Virginia Commonwealth UniversityMarc Flajolet - Rockefeller UniversityMaria L. Florez-McClure - University of Colorado BoulderSalvatore Florio - University of Naples Federico IIEdward A. Fon - McGill UniversityFrancesco Fornai - University of PisaFranco Fortunato - Heidelberg UniversityRati Fotedar - Discovery InstituteDaniel H. Fowler - National Institutes of HealthHoward S. Fox - University of Nebraska Medical CenterRodrigo Franco - University of Nebraska–LincolnLisa B. Frankel - University of CopenhagenMarc Fransen - KU LeuvenJosé M. FuentesJuan Fueyo - The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterJun Fujii - Kyushu UniversityKozo Fujisaki - Kagoshima UniversityEriko Fujita - Jichi Medical UniversityMitsunori Fukuda - Tohoku UniversityRuth H. Furukawa - University of GeorgiaMatthias Gaestel - Hannover Medical SchoolPhilippe Gailly - Université Catholique de LouvainMalgorzata GajewskaBrigitte Galliot - University of GenevaVincent Galy - Sorbonne UniversitySubramaniam Ganesh - Indian Institute of Technology KanpurBarry Ganetzky - University of Wisconsin–MadisonIan G. Ganley - University of DundeeFen-Biao Gao - University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolGeorge F. GaoJinming Gao - The University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterLorena Garcia - University of ChileGuillermo Garcia-Manero - The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterMikel Garcia-Marcos - Boston UniversityMarjan Garmyn - KU LeuvenAndrei L. Gartel - University of Illinois at ChicagoEvelina Gatti - Aix-Marseille UniversityMathias Gautel - King's College LondonThomas R. Gawriluk - University of KentuckyMatthew E. Gegg - University College LondonJiefei Geng - Harvard UniversityMarc Germain - University of OttawaJason E. Gestwicki - University of Michigan–Ann ArborDavid A. Gewirtz - Virginia Commonwealth UniversitySaeid Ghavami - University of ManitobaPradipta Ghosh - University of California, San DiegoAnna M. Giammarioli - Istituto Superiore di SanitàAlexandra N. Giatromanolaki - Democritus University of ThraceSpencer B. Gibson - University of ManitobaRobert W. Gilkerson - Columbia UniversityMichael L. Ginger - Lancaster UniversityHenry N. Ginsberg - Columbia UniversityJakub Golab - Medical University of WarsawMichael S. Goligorsky - New York Medical CollegePierre Golstein - Aix-Marseille UniversityCandelaria Gomez-Manzano - The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterEbru Goncu - Ege UniversityCéline Gongora - InsermClaudio D. Gonzalez - University of Buenos AiresRamon GonzalezCristina González-Estévez - University of NottinghamRosa Ana González-PoloElena Gonzalez-Rey - Spanish National Research CouncilNikolai V. Gorbunov - Uniformed Services University of the Health SciencesSharon Gorski - University of British ColumbiaSandro Goruppi - Tufts UniversityRoberta A. Gottlieb - San Diego State UniversityDevrim Gozuacik - Sabancı UniversityGiovanna Elvira Granato - University of Naples Federico IIGary D. Grant - Griffith UniversityKim N. Green - University of California, IrvineAles GregorcFrédéric Gros - University of StrasbourgCharles Grose - University of IowaThomas W. GruntPhilippe Gual - Université Côte d'AzurJun-Lin Guan - University of Michigan–Ann ArborKun-Liang Guan - University of California, San DiegoSylvie M. Guichard - AstraZenecaAnna S. Gukovskaya - University of California, Los AngelesIlya Gukovsky - University of California, Los AngelesJan Gunst - KU LeuvenÅsa B. Gustafsson - University of California, San DiegoAndrew J. Halayko - University of ManitobaAmber N. Hale - University of KentuckySandra K. Halonen - Montana State UniversityMaho Hamasaki - Osaka UniversityFeng Han - Zhejiang UniversityTing Han - University of Michigan–Ann ArborMichael K. Hancock - Thermo Fisher ScientificMalene Hansen - Discovery InstituteHisashi Harada - Virginia Commonwealth UniversityMasaru Harada - University of Occupational and Environmental Health JapanStefan E. Hardt - Heidelberg UniversityJ. Wade Harper - Harvard UniversityAdrian L. Harris - University of OxfordJames Harris - Trinity College DublinSteven D. Harris - University of Nebraska–LincolnMakoto Hashimoto - Institute of Medical ScienceJeffrey A. Haspel - Harvard UniversityShin-ichiro Hayashi - Gifu UniversityLori A. Hazelhurst - University of South FloridaCongcong He - The University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterYou-Wen He - Duke UniversityMarie-Josée Hébert - University of MontrealKim A. Heidenreich - University of Colorado DenverMiep H. Helfrich - University of AberdeenGudmundur V. Helgason - University of GlasgowElizabeth P. Henske - Harvard UniversityBrian Herman - The University of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioPaul K. Herman - The Ohio State UniversityClaudio Hetz - University of ChileSabine Hilfiker - Spanish National Research CouncilJoseph A. Hill - The University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterLynne J. Hocking - University of AberdeenPaul HofmanThomas G. Hofmann - German Cancer Research CenterJörg Höhfeld - University of BonnTessa L. 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Hussey - Durham UniversityJung Jin Hwang - University of UlsanSeungmin Hwang - Washington University in St. LouisAtsuhiro IchiharaShirin Ilkhanizadeh - University of California, San FranciscoKen Inoki - University of Michigan–Ann ArborTakeshi Into - Asahi UniversityValentina Iovane - University of Naples Federico IIJuan L. Iovanna - Aix-Marseille UniversityNancy Y. Ip - Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyYoshitaka Isaka - Osaka UniversityHiroyuki Ishida - Tohoku UniversityCiro Isidoro - University of Eastern Piedmont Amadeo AvogadroKen-ichi Isobe - Nagoya UniversityAkiko Iwasaki - Yale UniversityMarta Izquierdo - Autonomous University of MadridYotaro Izumi - Keio UniversityPanu M. Jaakkola - University of TurkuMarja JäätteläGeorge R. Jackson - The University of Texas Medical Branch at GalvestonWilliam T. Jackson - Medical College of WisconsinBassam JanjiMarina Jendrach - Goethe University FrankfurtJu-Hong Jeon - Seoul National UniversityEui-Bae Jeung - Chungbuk National UniversityHong Jiang - The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHongchi Jiang - Harbin Medical UniversityJean X. Jiang - The University of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioMing Jiang - Vanderbilt UniversityQing Jiang - Purdue University West LafayetteXuejun Jiang - Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterKatarina Kågedal - Linköping UniversityXuejun Jiang - Chinese Academy of SciencesYoshiaki Kamada - National Institutes of Natural SciencesAlberto Jiménez - University of SalamancaVitaliy O. Kaminskyy - Karolinska InstituteMeiyan Jin - University of Michigan–Ann ArborHarm H. Kampinga - University of GroningenShengkan V. Jin - Rutgers, The State University of New JerseyHiromitsu Kanamori - Gifu UniversityCheol O. Joe - Korea Advanced Institute of Science and TechnologyBertrand Joseph - Karolinska InstituteTomotake Kanki - Kyushu UniversityChanhee Kang - Harvard UniversityLucienne Juillerat-Jeanneret - University of LausanneAnumantha G. Kanthasamy - Iowa State UniversitySuresh K. Joseph - Thomas Jefferson UniversityDaniel E. Johnson - University of PittsburghChang Hwa JungArthi KanthasamyThirumala-Devi KannegantiKwang Il Kang - Korea Advanced Institute of Science and TechnologyYong-Keun Jung - Seoul National UniversityVassiliki Karantza - Rutgers, The State University of New JerseyTerje JohansenGail V.W. Johnson - University of RochesterKai Kaarniranta - University of Eastern FinlandGur P. Kaushal - University of Arkansas for Medical SciencesAnnie M. Joubert - University of PretoriaRui Kang - University of PittsburghAllen Kaasik - University of TartuSusmita Kaushik - Yeshiva UniversityHaruo Kanno - Tohoku UniversityNicola L. Jones - University of TorontoTomohiro KabutaYoshinori Kawazoe - Kyoto UniversityKhong Bee KangYoon-A Kang - University of Wisconsin–MadisonMotoni Kadowaki - Niigata UniversityPo-Yuan Ke - Academia SinicaJohn H. Kehrl - National Institutes of HealthAmeeta Kelekar - University of MinnesotaClaus KerkhoffDavid H. Kessel - Wayne State UniversityHany Khalil - Menoufia UniversityJan A.K.W. Kiel - University of GroningenAmy A. Kiger - University of California, San DiegoAkio Kihara - Hokkaido UniversityDeok Ryong Kim - Gyeongsang National UniversityDo-Hyung Kim - University of MinnesotaDong-Hou Kim - University of UlsanEun-Kyoung Kim - Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and TechnologyHyung-Ryong Kim - Wonkwang UniversityJae-Sung Kim - University of FloridaJeong Hun Kim - Seoul National UniversityJin Cheon KimJohn K. Kim - University of MichiganPeter K. Kim - University of TorontoSeong Who Kim - University of UlsanYong-Sun Kim - Hallym UniversityYonghyun Kim - University of Maryland, Baltimore CountyAdi Kimchi - Weizmann Institute of ScienceAlec C. Kimmelman - Harvard UniversityJason S. King - University of GlasgowTimothy J. Kinsella - Rhode Island HospitalVladimir Kirkin - MerckLorrie A. Kirshenbaum - University of ManitobaKatsuhiko Kitamoto - University of TokyoKaio Kitazato - Nagasaki UniversityLudger Klein - Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenWalter T. Klimecki - University of ArizonaJochen Klucken - University of Erlangen-NurembergErwin KnechtBen C.B. Ko - Chinese University of Hong KongJan C. Koch - University of GöttingenHiroshi Koga - Yeshiva UniversityJae-Young Koh - University of UlsanYoung Ho Koh - Hallym UniversityMasato Koike - Juntendo UniversityMasaaki Komatsu - Institute of Medical ScienceEiki Kominami - Juntendo UniversityHee Jeong Kong - National Fisheries Research & Development InstituteWei-Jia KongViktor I. Korolchuk - Newcastle UniversityYaichiro Kotake - Hiroshima UniversityMichael I. Koukourakis - Democritus University of ThraceJuan B. Kouri FloresAttila L. Kovács - Eötvös Loránd UniversityClaudine Kraft - University of ViennaDimitri Krainc - Harvard UniversityHelmut Krämer - The University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterCarole Kretz-Remy - Claude Bernard University Lyon 1Anna M. Krichevsky - Harvard UniversityGuido Kroemer - University of ParisRejko Krüger - University of TübingenOleg Krut - University of CologneNicholas T. Ktistakis - Babraham InstituteChia-Yi Kuan - Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterRoza KucharczykAshok Kumar - University of LouisvilleRaj Kumar - Geisinger Commonwealth School of MedicineSharad Kumar - University of AdelaideMondira KunduHsing-Jien Kung - University of California, DavisTino Kurz - Linköping UniversityHo Jeong Kwon - Yonsei UniversityAlbert R. La Spada - University of California, San DiegoFrank Lafont - Lille University of Science and TechnologyTrond LamarkJacques LandryJon D. Lane - University of BristolPierre Lapaquette - Institut PasteurJocelyn F. Laporte - Université de StrasbourgLajos László - Eötvös Loránd UniversitySergio Lavandero - University of ChileJosée N. LavoieRobert Layfield - University of NottinghamPedro A. Lazo - University of SalamancaWeidong Le - Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityLaurent Le Cam - InsermDaniel J. Ledbetter - University of KentuckyAlvin J.X. Lee - Cancer Research UKByung-Wan Lee - Yonsei UniversityGyun Min Lee - Korea Advanced Institute of Science and TechnologyJongdae Lee - University of California San DiegoJu-hyun lee - New York UniversityMichael Lee - Incheon National UniversityMyung-Shik Lee - Sungkyunkwan UniversitySug Hyung Lee - Catholic University of KoreaChristiaan Leeuwenburgh - University of FloridaPatrick Legembre - University of Rennes 1Renaud LegouisMichael Lehmann - University of Arkansas at FayettevilleHuan-Yao Lei - National Cheng Kung UniversityQun-Ying Lei - Fudan UniversityDavid A. Leib - Dartmouth CollegeJosé Leiro - University of Santiago de CompostelaJohn J. Lemasters - Medical University of South CarolinaAntoinette Lemoine - University of Paris-SaclayMaciej S. Lesniak - University of ChicagoDina Lev - The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterVictor V. Levenson - Rush University Medical CenterBeth Levine - The University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterEfrat Levy - New York UniversityFaqiang Li - University of Wisconsin–MadisonJun-Lin LiLian Li - Emory UniversitySheng LiWeijie LiXue-Jun Li - Peking UniversityYan-Bo Li - Harbin Medical UniversityYi-Ping Li - The University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonChengyu Liang - University of Southern CaliforniaQiangrong Liang - University of South DakotaYung-Feng Liao - Academia SinicaPawel P. LiberskiAndrew Lieberman - University of Michigan–Ann ArborHyunjung J. Lim - Konkuk UniversityKah-Leong Lim - National University of SingaporeKyu Lim - Chungnam National UniversityChiou-Feng Lin - National Cheng Kung UniversityFu-Cheng Lin - Zhejiang UniversityJian Lin - Peking UniversityJiandie D. Lin - University of Michigan–Ann ArborKui Lin - GenentechWan-Wan Lin - National Taiwan UniversityWeei-Chin Lin - Baylor College of MedicineYi-Ling Lin - Academia SinicaRafael Linden - Federal University of Rio de JaneiroPaul Lingor - University of GöttingenJennifer Lippincott-Schwartz - National Institutes of HealthMichael P. Lisanti - University of ManchesterPaloma B. Liton - Duke UniversityBo Liu - Sichuan UniversityChun-Feng Liu - Soochow UniversityKaiyu Liu - Central China Normal UniversityLeyuan Liu - The University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonQiong A. Liu - Stony Brook UniversityWei Liu - National Institutes of HealthYoung-Chau LiuYule Liu - Tsinghua UniversityRichard A. Lockshin - City University of New YorkChun-Nam Lok - University of Hong KongSagar Lonial - Emory UniversityBenjamin Loos - Stellenbosch UniversityGabriel Lopez-Berestein - The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterCarlos López-Otín - University of OviedoLaura Lossi - University of TurinMichael T. Lotze - University of PittsburghPeter Low - Eötvös Loránd UniversityBinfeng Lu - University of PittsburghBingwei Lu - Stanford UniversityBo Lu - Thomas Jefferson UniversityZhen Lu - The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterFréderic Luciano - Université Côte d'AzurNicholas W. Lukacs - University of Michigan–Ann ArborAnders H. Lund - University of CopenhagenMelinda A. Lynch-Day - University of Michigan–Ann ArborYong Ma - Harbin Medical UniversityFernando Macian - Yeshiva UniversityJeff P. MacKeiganKay F. Macleod - University of ChicagoFrank Madeo - University of GrazLuigi MaiuriMaria Chiara MaiuriDavide Malagoli - University of Modena and Reggio EmiliaMay Christine V. MalicdanWalter Malorni - Istituto Superiore di SanitàNa Man - University of Science and Technology of ChinaEva-Maria Mandelkow - Center of Advanced European Studies and ResearchStephen Manon - University of BordeauxIrena Manov - Technion – Israel Institute of TechnologyKai Mao - University of Michigan–Ann ArborXiang Mao - Nanjing Agricultural UniversityZixu Mao - Emory UniversityPhilippe Marambaud - Northwell HealthDaniela Marazziti - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and MedicineYves L. Marcel - University of OttawaKatie Marchbank - King's College LondonPiero Marchetti - University of PisaStefan J. Marciniak - University of CambridgeMateus Marcondes - Federal University of São CarlosMohsen MardiGabriella Marfe - University of Rome Tor VergataGuillermo Mariño - Institut Gustave RoussyMaria Markaki - Foundation for Research and Technology HellasMark R. Marten - University of Maryland, Baltimore CountySeamus J. Martin - Trinity College DublinCamille Martinand-Mari - University of MontpellierWim Martinet - University of AntwerpMarta Martinez-VicenteMatilde Masini - University of PisaPaola Matarrese - Istituto Superiore di SanitàSaburo Matsuo - Osaka Prefecture UniversityRaffaele Matteoni - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and MedicineAndreas Mayer - University of LausanneNathalie M. MazureDavid J. McConkey - The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterMelanie J. McConnell - Malaghan Institute of Medical ResearchCatherine McDermott - Bond UniversityChristine McDonald - Cleveland ClinicGerald M. McInerney - Karolinska InstituteSharon L. McKenna - University College CorkBethAnn McLaughlin - Vanderbilt UniversityPamela J. McLean - Harvard UniversityChristopher R. McMaster - Dalhousie UniversityG. Angus McQuibban - University of TorontoAlfred J. Meijer - University of AmsterdamMiriam H. Meisler - University of Michigan–Ann ArborAlicia Meléndez - City University of New YorkThomas J. Melia - Yale UniversityGerry Melino - University of Rome Tor VergataMaria A. MenaJavier A. MenendezRubem F. S. Menna-Barreto - Oswaldo Cruz FoundationManoj B. Menon - Hannover Medical SchoolFiona M. Menzies - University of CambridgeCarol A. Mercer - University of CincinnatiAdalberto Merighi - University of TurinDiane E. Merry - Thomas Jefferson UniversityStefania Meschini - Istituto Superiore di SanitàChristian G. Meyer - Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical MedicineThomas F. Meyer - Max Planck SocietyChao-Yu Miao - Second Military Medical UniversityJun-Ying Miao - Shandong UniversityPaul A.M. Michels - Université Catholique de LouvainCarine MichielsDalibor Mijaljica - Monash UniversityAna Milojkovic - Max Delbrück Center for Molecular MedicineSaverio Minucci - University of MilanClelia Miracco - University of SienaCindy K. Miranti - Van Andel InstituteIoannis Mitroulis - Democritus University of ThraceKeisuke Miyazawa - Tokyo Medical UniversityNoboru Mizushima - Tokyo Medical and Dental UniversityBaharia MograbiSimin Mohseni - Linköping UniversityXavier Molero - Autonomous University of BarcelonaBertrand Mollereau - École Normale Supérieure de LyonFaustino Mollinedo - University of SalamancaTakashi Momoi - International University of Health and WelfareIryna Monastyrska - Utrecht UniversityMartha M. Monick - University of IowaMervyn J. Monteiro - University of Maryland, BaltimoreMichael N. Moore - Plymouth Marine LaboratoryRodrigo Mora - University of Costa RicaKevin Moreau - University of CambridgePaula I. Moreira - University of CoimbraYuji Moriyasu - Saitama UniversityJorge Moscat - Discovery InstituteSerge Mostowy - Imperial College LondonJeremy C. Mottram - University of GlasgowTomasz Motyl - Warsaw University of Life SciencesCharbel E.-H. MoussaSylke Müller - University of GlasgowSylviane Muller - University of StrasbourgKarl Münger - Harvard UniversityChristian Münz - Goethe University FrankfurtLeon O. Murphy - NovartisMaureen E. Murphy - The Wistar InstituteAntonio Musarò - Sapienza University of RomeIndira Mysorekar - Washington University in St. LouisEiichiro Nagata - Tokai UniversityKazuhiro Nagata - Kyoto Sangyo UniversityAimable Nahimana - University of LausanneUsha Nair - University of Michigan–Ann ArborToshiyuki Nakagawa - Gifu UniversityKiichi Nakahira - Harvard UniversityHiroyasu Nakano - Juntendo UniversityHitoshi Nakatogawa - Tokyo Institute of TechnologyMeera Nanjundan - University of South FloridaNaweed I. Naqvi - National University of SingaporeDerek P. Narendra - National Institutes of HealthMasashi Narita - Cancer Research UKMiguel Navarro - Spanish National Research CouncilSteffan T. Nawrocki - The University of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioTaras Y. Nazarko - University of California, San DiegoAndriy Nemchenko - The University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterMihai G. Netea - Radboud University NijmegenThomas P. Neufeld - University of MinnesotaPaul A. Ney - New York Blood CenterIoannis P. Nezis - University of OsloHuu Phuc Nguyen - University of TübingenDaotai Nie - Southern Illinois University CarbondaleIchizo NishinoCorey Nislow - University of TorontoRalph A. Nixon - New York UniversityTakeshi Noda - Osaka UniversityAngelika A. Noegel - University of CologneAnna Nogalska - University of Southern CaliforniaSatoru NoguchiLucia Notterpek - University of FloridaIvana Novak - University of SplitTomoyoshi Nozaki - University of TsukubaNobuyuki NukinaThorsten Nürnberger - University of TübingenBeat Nyfeler - NovartisKeisuke Obara - Hokkaido UniversityTerry D. Oberley - University of Wisconsin–MadisonSalvatore Oddo - The University of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioMichinaga Ogawa - University of TokyoToya Ohashi - Jikei University School of MedicineKoji Okamoto - Osaka UniversityNancy L. Oleinick - Case Western Reserve UniversityF. Javier OliverLaura J. Olsen - University of Michigan–Ann ArborStefan Olsson - University of CopenhagenOnya Opota - École Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneTimothy F. Osborne - Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery InstituteGary K. OstranderKinya Otsu - King's College LondonJing-hsiung James Ou - University of Southern CaliforniaMireille Ouimet - University of OttawaMichael Overholtzer - Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterBulent Ozpolat - The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterPaolo Paganetti - École Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneUgo Pagnini - University of Naples Federico IINicolas Pallet - University of ParisGlen E. Palmer - Louisiana State UniversityCamilla Palumbo - University of Rome Tor VergataTianhong Pan - Baylor College of MedicineTheocharis Panaretakis - Karolinska InstituteUdai Bhan Pandey - Louisiana State UniversityZuzana PapackovaIssidora Papassideri - National and Kapodistrian University of AthensIrmgard Paris - University of ChileJunsoo Park - Yonsei UniversityOhkmae K. Park - Korea UniversityJan B. Parys - KU LeuvenKatherine R. Parzych - University of Michigan–Ann ArborSusann Patschan - University of GöttingenCam PattersonSophie Pattingre - InsermJohn M. Pawelek - Yale UniversityJianxin Peng - Central China Normal UniversityDavid H. Perlmutter - University of PittsburghIda Perrotta - University of CalabriaGeorge Perry - The University of Texas at San AntonioShazib Pervaiz - National University of SingaporeMatthias Peter - ETH ZurichGodefridus J. Peters - VU AmsterdamMorten Petersen - University of CopenhagenGoran Petrovski - University of DebrecenJames M. Phang - National Institutes of HealthMauro Piacentini - University of Rome Tor VergataPhilippe Pierre - Aix-Marseille UniversityValérie Pierrefite-Carle - Université Côte d'AzurGérard Pierron - Institut Gustave RoussyRonit Pinkas-Kramarski - Tel Aviv UniversityAntonio Piras - University of TurinNatik Piri - University of California, Los AngelesLeonidas C. Platanias - Northwestern UniversityStefanie Pöggeler - University of GöttingenMarc Poirot - Paul Sabatier UniversityAngelo Poletti - University of MilanChristian PoüsMercedes Pozuelo-Rubio - Spanish National Research CouncilMette Prætorius-Ibba - The Ohio State UniversityAnil Prasad - Harvard UniversityMark Prescott - Monash UniversityMuriel Priault - University of BordeauxNathalie Produit-ZengaffinenAnn Progulske-Fox - University of FloridaTassula Proikas-Cezanne - University of TübingenSerge Przedborski - Columbia UniversityKarin Przyklenk - Wayne State UniversityRosa Puertollano - National Institutes of HealthJulien Puyal - University of LausanneShu-Bing Qian - Cornell UniversityLiang Qin - Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeZheng-Hong Qin - Soochow UniversitySusan E. Quaggin - University of TorontoNina Raben - National Institutes of HealthHannah Rabinowich - University of PittsburghSimon W. Rabkin - University of British ColumbiaIrfan Rahman - University of RochesterAbdelhaq Rami - Goethe University FrankfurtGeorg Ramm - Monash UniversityGlenn Randall - University of ChicagoFelix Randow - Medical Research CouncilV. Ashutosh Rao - United States Food and Drug AdministrationJeffrey C. Rathmell - Duke UniversityBrinda RavikumarSwapan K. Ray - University of South CarolinaBruce H. Reed - University of WaterlooJohn C. Reed - Discovery InstituteFulvio Reggiori - Utrecht UniversityAnne Régnier-Vigouroux - German Cancer Research CenterAndreas S. Reichert - Goethe University FrankfurtJohn J. Reiners - Wayne State UniversityRussel J. Reiter - The University of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioJun Ren - University of WyomingJosé L. Revuelta - University of SalamancaChristopher J. Rhodes - University of ChicagoKonstantinos Ritis - Democritus University of ThraceElizete Rizzo - Universidade Federal de Minas GeraisJeffrey Robbins - Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterMichel Roberge - University of British ColumbiaHernan Roca - University of Michigan–Ann ArborMaria C. Roccheri - University of PalermoStephane Rocchi - Université Côte d'AzurH. Peter Rodemann - University of TübingenSantiago Rodriguez de CordobaBärbel Rohrer - Medical University of South CarolinaIgor B. Roninson - University of South CarolinaKirill Rosen - Dalhousie UniversityMagdalena M. Rost-Roszkowska - University of SilesiaMustapha Rouis - Sorbonne UniversityKasper M.A. RouschopFrancesca Rovetta - University of BresciaBrian P. Rubin - Cleveland ClinicDavid C. Rubinsztein - University of CambridgeKlaus Ruckdeschel - Universität HamburgEdmund B. Rucker - University of KentuckyAssaf Rudich - Ben-Gurion University of the NegevEmil Rudolf - Charles UniversityNelson Ruiz-Opazo - Boston UniversityRossella Russo - University of CalabriaTor Erik Rusten - University of OsloKevin M. Ryan - University of GlasgowStefan W. Ryter - Harvard UniversityDavid M. Sabatini - Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyJunichi Sadoshima - Rutgers, The State University of New JerseyTapas Saha - Georgetown UniversityTatsuya Saitoh - Osaka UniversityHiroshi Sakagami - Meikai UniversityYasuyoshi Sakai - Kyoto UniversityGhasem Hoseini SalekdehPaolo Salomoni - University College LondonPaul M. Salvaterra - City Of Hope National Medical CenterGuy Salvesen - Discovery InstituteRosa Salvioli - Istituto Superiore di SanitàAnthony M.J. SanchezJosé A. Sánchez-Alcázar - Spanish National Research CouncilRicardo Sánchez-Prieto - University of Castilla-La ManchaMarco Sandri - University of PaduaUma Sankar - University of LouisvillePoonam Sansanwal - Stanford UniversityLaura Santambrogio - Yeshiva UniversityShweta Saran - Jawaharlal Nehru UniversitySovan Sarkar - Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyMinnie Sarwal - Stanford UniversityChihiro Sasakawa - University of TokyoAusra Sasnauskiene - Vilnius UniversityMiklós Sass - Eötvös Loránd UniversityKen Sato - Gunma UniversityMiyuki Sato - Gunma UniversityAnthony H.V. Schapira - University College LondonMichael Scharl - University of ZurichHermann M. Schätzl - University of WyomingWiep Scheper - University of AmsterdamStefano SchiaffinoClaudio SchneiderMarion E. Schneider - University of UlmRegine Schneider-Stock - University of Erlangen-NurembergPatricia V. Schoenlein - Augusta UniversityDaniel F. Schorderet - École Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneChristoph Schüller - University of Natural Resources and Life SciencesGary K. Schwartz - Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterLuca Scorrano - University of GenevaLinda Sealy - Vanderbilt UniversityPer O. Seglen - University of OsloJuan Segura-Aguilar - University of ChileIban Seiliez - Institut National de la Recherche AgronomiqueOleksandr SeleverstovChristian Sell - Drexel UniversityJong Bok SeoDuska Separovic - Wayne State UniversityVijayasaradhi Setaluri - University of Wisconsin–MadisonTakao Setoguchi - Kagoshima UniversityCarmine Settembre - Baylor College of MedicineJohn J. Shacka - University of Alabama at BirminghamMala Shanmugam - Northwestern UniversityIrving M. Shapiro - Thomas Jefferson UniversityEitan Shaulian - Hebrew University of JerusalemReuben J. Shaw - Howard Hughes Medical InstituteJames H. Shelhamer - National Institutes of HealthHan-Ming Shen - National University of SingaporeWei-Chiang Shen - University of Southern CaliforniaZu-Hang Sheng - National Institutes of HealthYang Shi - Medical College of WisconsinKenichi ShibuyaYoshihiro Shidoji - Nagasaki UniversityJeng-Jer Shieh - National Chung Hsing UniversityChwen-Ming Shih - Taipei Medical UniversityYohta Shimada - Jikei University School of MedicineShigeomi Shimizu - Tokyo Medical and Dental UniversityTakahiro Shintani - Tohoku UniversityOrian S. Shirihai - Tufts UniversityGordon C. Shore - McGill UniversityAndriy A. Sibirny - Rzeszów UniversityStan B. Sidhu - Royal North Shore HospitalBeata SikorskaElaine C.M. Silva-Zacarin - Federal University of São CarlosAlison Simmons - University of OxfordAnna Katharina Simon - University of OxfordHans-Uwe Simon - University of BernCristiano Simone - Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological ResearchAnne Simonsen - University of OsloDavid A. Sinclair - Harvard UniversityRajat Singh - Yeshiva UniversityDebasish Sinha - Johns Hopkins UniversityFrank A. Sinicrope - Mayo ClinicAgnieszka Sirko - Polish Academy of SciencesParco M. Siu - Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityEfthimios Sivridis - Democritus University of ThraceVojtech Skop - University of Chemistry and TechnologyVladimir P. Skulachev - Lomonosov Moscow State UniversityRuth S. Slack - University of OttawaSoraya S. Smaili - Federal University of São PauloDuncan R. Smith - Mahidol UniversityMaria S. Soengas - Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIThierry Soldati - University of GenevaXueqin Song - Hebei Medical UniversityAnil K. Sood - The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterTuck Wah Soong - National University of SingaporeFederica Sotgia - Thomas Jefferson UniversityStephen A. Spector - University of California, San DiegoClaudia D. Spies - Charité - University Medicine BerlinWolfdieter Springer - Mayo ClinicSrinivasa M. Srinivasula - Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, ThiruvananthapuramLeonidas StefanisJoan S. Steffan - University of California, IrvineRuediger Stendel - Charité - University Medicine BerlinHarald Stenmark - University of OsloAnastasis Stephanou - University College LondonStephan T. Stern - Science Applications International CorporationCinthya SternbergBjörn Stork - Heinrich Heine University DüsseldorfPeter Strålfors - Linköping UniversityCarlos S. Subauste - Case Western Reserve UniversityXinbing Sui - Zhejiang UniversityDavid Sulzer - Columbia UniversityJiaren Sun - The University of Texas Medical Branch at GalvestonShi-Yong Sun - Emory UniversityZhi-Jun Sun - Wuhan UniversityJoseph J.Y. Sung - Chinese University of Hong KongKuninori Suzuki - University of TokyoToshihiko Suzuki - University of the RyukyusMichele S. Swanson - University of Michigan–Ann ArborCharles Swanton - Cancer Research UKSean T. Sweeney - University of YorkLai-King Sy - University of Hong KongGyörgy Szabadkai - University College LondonIra Tabas - Columbia UniversityHeinrich Taegtmeyer - The University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonMarco Tafani - Sapienza University of RomeKrisztina Takács-Vellai - Eötvös Loránd UniversityYoshitaka Takano - Kyoto UniversityKaoru Takegawa - Kyushu UniversityGenzou Takemura - Gifu UniversityFumihiko Takeshita - Yokohama City UniversityNicholas J. Talbot - University of ExeterKevin S.W. Tan - National University of SingaporeKeiji Tanaka - Institute of Medical ScienceKozo Tanaka - Tohoku UniversityDaolin Tang - University of PittsburghDingzhong Tang - Chinese Academy of SciencesIsei Tanida - National Institutes of HealthBakhos A. Tannous - Harvard UniversityNektarios Tavernarakis - Foundation for Research and Technology HellasGraham S. Taylor - University of BirminghamGregory A. Taylor - Duke UniversityJ. Paul TaylorLance S. TeradaAlexei Terman - Karolinska InstituteGianluca Tettamanti - University of InsubriaKarin Thevissen - KU LeuvenCraig B. Thompson - Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterAndrew Thorburn - University of Colorado DenverMichael Thumm - University of GöttingenFengFeng TianYuan Tian - Rockefeller UniversityGlauco Tocchini-Valentini - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and MedicineAviva M. Tolkovsky - University of CambridgeYasuhiko Tomino - Juntendo UniversityLars Tönges - University of GöttingenSharon A. Tooze - Cancer Research UKCathy Tournier - University of ManchesterJohn Tower - University of Southern CaliforniaRoberto Towns - University of Michigan–Ann ArborVladimir Trajkovic - University of BelgradeLeonardo H. Travassos - Federal University of Rio de JaneiroTing-Fen Tsai - National Yang-Ming UniversityMario P. Tschan - University of BernTakeshi Tsubata - Tokyo Medical and Dental UniversityAllan Tsung - University of PittsburghBoris TurkLorianne S. Turner - Francis Marion UniversitySuresh C. Tyagi - University of LouisvilleYasuo Uchiyama - Juntendo UniversityTakashi Ueno - Juntendo UniversityMidori Umekawa - University of Michigan–Ann ArborRika Umemiya-Shirafuji - Kagoshima UniversityVivek K. Unni - Oregon Health & Science UniversityMaria I. Vaccaro - University of Buenos AiresEnza Maria Valente - University of MessinaGreet Van den Berghe - KU LeuvenIda J. van der Klei - University of GroningenWouter G. van Doorn - University of California, DavisLinda F. van Dyk - University of Colorado DenverMarjolein van Egmond - VU AmsterdamLeo A. van Grunsven - Vrije Universiteit BrusselPeter Vandenabeele - Ghent UniversityWim P. Vandenberghe - KU LeuvenIlse Vanhorebeek - KU LeuvenEva C. Vaquero - University of BarcelonaGuillermo Velasco - Complutense University of MadridTibor Vellai - Eötvös Loránd UniversityJosé Miguel Vicencio - University College LondonRichard D. Vierstra - University of Wisconsin–MadisonMiquel Vila - Autonomous University of BarcelonaCécile Vindis - Paul Sabatier UniversityGiampietro Viola - University of PaduaMaria Teresa ViscomiOlga V. Voitsekhovskaja - Russian Academy of SciencesClarissa von Haefen - Charité - University Medicine BerlinMarcela Votruba - Cardiff UniversityKeiji WadaRichard Wade-Martins - University of OxfordCheryl L. Walker - Texas A&M UniversityCraig M. Walsh - University of California, IrvineJochen Walter - University of BonnXiang-Bo Wan - Sun Yat-sen UniversityAimin Wang - Cleveland ClinicChenguang Wang - Thomas Jefferson UniversityDawei Wang - Harbin Medical UniversityFan Wang - Duke UniversityFen Wang - The University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonGuanghui Wang - Soochow UniversityHaichao Wang - Northwell HealthHong-Gang Wang - Pennsylvania State UniversityHorng-Dar Wang - National Tsing Hua UniversityJin Wang - Baylor College of MedicineKe Wang - University of MichiganMei Wang - National University of SingaporeRichard C. Wang - The University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterXinglong Wang - Case Western Reserve UniversityXiujie J. WangYing-Jan Wang - National Cheng Kung UniversityYipeng Wang - Cancer Research UKZhen-Bo Wang - Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeZhigang Charles Wang - Harvard UniversityZhinong WangDerick G. Wansink - Radboud University NijmegenDiane M. Ward - University of UtahHirotaka Watada - Juntendo UniversitySarah L. Waters - King's College LondonPaul Webster - House ClinicLixin Wei - Second Military Medical UniversityConrad C. Weihl - Washington University in St. LouisWilliam A. Weiss - University of California, San FranciscoScott M. Welford - Case Western Reserve UniversityLong-Ping WenCaroline A. Whitehouse - King's College LondonJ. Lindsay Whitton - Scripps Research InstituteAlexander J. Whitworth - University of SheffieldTom WilemanJohn W. Wiley - University of Michigan–Ann ArborSimon Wilkinson - University of EdinburghDieter WillboldRoger L. Williams - Medical Research CouncilPeter R. Williamson - National Institutes of HealthBradly G. Wouters - University of TorontoChenghan Wu - Fujian University of Traditional Chinese MedicineDao-Cheng Wu - Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityWilliam K.K. WuAndreas Wyttenbach - University of SouthamptonRamnik J. Xavier - Harvard UniversityZhijun Xi - Peking UniversityPu Xia - University of SydneyGengfu XiaoZhiping Xie - Nankai UniversityZhonglin Xie - University of OklahomaDa-zhi Xu - Sun Yat-sen UniversityJianzhen Xu - Henan University of TechnologyLiang Xu - University of KansasXiaolei Xu - Mayo Clinic in FloridaAi Yamamoto - Columbia UniversityAkitsugu Yamamoto - Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and TechnologyTomohiro Yorimitsu - University of TokyoYuko Yoshikawa - University of ShizuokaTamotsu Yoshimori - Osaka UniversityKohki YoshimotoHo Jin You - Chosun UniversityRichard J. Youle - National Institutes of HealthAnas Younes - The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterLi Yu - Tsinghua UniversityLong Yu - Fudan UniversitySeong-Woon Yu - Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and TechnologyWai Haung Yu - Columbia UniversityZhi-Min Yuan - The University of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioZhenyu Yue - Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiCheol-Heui Yun - Seoul National UniversityMichisuke Yuzaki - Keio UniversityOlga Zabirnyk - National Institutes of HealthElaine Silva-Zacarin - Federal University of São CarlosDavid ZacksEldad ZacksenhausNadia ZaffaroniZahra Zakeri - City University of New YorkHerbert J Zeh IIIScott O. Zeitlin - University of VirginiaHong ZhangHui-Ling Zhang - Soochow UniversityJianhua Zhang - University of Alabama at BirminghamJing-Pu Zhang - Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeLin Zhang - University of PittsburghLong Zhang - Leiden UniversityMing-Yong Zhang - Chinese Academy of SciencesXu Dong ZhangMantong Zhao - University of Michigan–Ann ArborYi-Fang Zhao - Wuhan UniversityYing Zhao - Peking UniversityZhizhuang J. Zhao - University of OklahomaXiaoxiang Zheng - Zhejiang UniversityBoris Zhivotovsky - Karolinska InstituteQing Zhong - University of California, BerkeleyCong-Zhao Zhou - University of Science and Technology of ChinaChanglian Zhu - University of GothenburgWei-Guo Zhu - Peking UniversityXiao-Feng Zhu - Sun Yat-sen UniversityXiongwei Zhu - Case Western Reserve UniversityYuangang ZhuTeresa Zoladek - Polish Academy of SciencesWei-Xing Zong - Stony Brook UniversityAntonio Zorzano - University of BarcelonaJürgen Zschocke - Max Planck SocietyBrian Zuckerbraun - University of Pittsburgh
- Resource Type
- Journal article
- Publication Details
- Autophagy, Vol.8(4), pp.445-544
- DOI
- 10.4161/auto.19496
- PMID
- 22966490
- PMCID
- PMC3404883
- NLM abbreviation
- Autophagy
- ISSN
- 1554-8627
- eISSN
- 1554-8635
- Publisher
- Landes Bioscience
- Language
- English
- Date published
- 04/01/2012
- Academic Unit
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine; Stead Family Department of Pediatrics; Surgery; Radiation Oncology; Internal Medicine
- Record Identifier
- 9984313067202771
Metrics
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