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High-resolution temporal and regional mapping of MAPT expression and splicing in human brain development
Journal article   Open access   Peer reviewed

High-resolution temporal and regional mapping of MAPT expression and splicing in human brain development

Marco M Hefti, Kurt Farrell, SoongHo Kim, Kathryn R Bowles, Mary E Fowkes, Towfique Raj and John F Crary
PloS one, Vol.13(4), pp.e0195771-e0195771
2018
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195771
PMCID: PMC5892924
PMID: 29634760
url
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0195771View
Published (Version of record) Open Access

Abstract

The microtubule associated protein tau plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disease. Recent studies suggest that tau also plays a role in disorders of neuronal connectivity, including epilepsy and post-traumatic stress disorder. Animal studies have shown that the MAPT gene, which codes for the tau protein, undergoes complex pre-mRNA alternative splicing to produce multiple isoforms during brain development. Human data, particularly on temporal and regional variation in tau splicing during development are however lacking. In this study, we present the first detailed examination of the temporal and regional sequence of MAPT alternative splicing in the developing human brain. We used a novel computational analysis of large transcriptomic datasets (total n = 502 patients), quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and western blotting to examine tau expression and splicing in post-mortem human fetal, pediatric and adult brains. We found that MAPT exons 2 and 10 undergo abrupt shifts in expression during the perinatal period that are unique in the canonical human microtubule-associated protein family, while exon 3 showed small but significant temporal variation. Tau isoform expression may be a marker of neuronal maturation, temporally correlated with the onset of axonal growth. Immature brain regions such as the ganglionic eminence and rhombic lip had very low tau expression, but within more mature regions, there was little variation in tau expression or splicing. We thus demonstrate an abrupt, evolutionarily conserved shift in tau isoform expression during the human perinatal period that may be due to tau expression in maturing neurons. Alternative splicing of the MAPT pre-mRNA may play a vital role in normal brain development across multiple species and provides a basis for future investigations into the developmental and pathological functions of the tau protein.
Computational Biology - methods Neurodegenerative Diseases - pathology Alternative Splicing Exons Neurodegenerative Diseases - etiology Humans Middle Aged Transcriptome RNA Precursors - genetics Brain - growth & development Case-Control Studies Brain - metabolism tau Proteins - genetics Protein Isoforms Adult Aged

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