How do neural processes give rise to cognition? Simultaneously predicting brain and behavior with a dynamic model of visual working memory

Aaron T Buss; Vincent A Magnotta; Will Penny; Gregor Schöner; Theodore J Huppert; John P Spencer

doi:10.1037/rev0000264

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How do neural processes give rise to cognition? Simultaneously predicting brain and behavior with a dynamic model of visual working memory

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How do neural processes give rise to cognition? Simultaneously predicting brain and behavior with a dynamic model of visual working memory

Aaron T Buss, Vincent A Magnotta, Will Penny, Gregor Schöner, Theodore J Huppert and John P Spencer

Psychological review, Vol.128(2), pp.362-395

03/2021

DOI: 10.1037/rev0000264

PMID: 33570976

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Abstract

There is consensus that activation within distributed functional brain networks underlies human thought. The impact of this consensus is limited, however, by a gap that exists between data-driven correlational analyses that specify where functional brain activity is localized using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and neural process accounts that specify how neural activity unfolds through time to give rise to behavior. Here, we show how an integrative cognitive neuroscience approach may bridge this gap. In an exemplary study of visual working memory, we use multilevel Bayesian statistics to demonstrate that a neural dynamic model simultaneously explains behavioral data and predicts localized patterns of brain activity, outperforming standard analytic approaches to fMRI. The model explains performance on both correct trials and incorrect trials where errors in change detection emerge from neural fluctuations amplified by neural interaction. Critically, predictions of the model run counter to cognitive theories of the origin of errors in change detection. Results reveal neural patterns predicted by the model within regions of the dorsal attention network that have been the focus of much debate. The model-based analysis suggests that key areas in the dorsal attention network such as the intraparietal sulcus play a central role in change detection rather than working memory maintenance, counter to previous interpretations of fMRI studies. More generally, the integrative cognitive neuroscience approach used here establishes a framework for directly testing theories of cognitive and brain function using the combined power of behavioral and fMRI data. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

Details

Title: Subtitle: How do neural processes give rise to cognition? Simultaneously predicting brain and behavior with a dynamic model of visual working memory
Creators: Aaron T Buss - Department of Psychology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville
Vincent A Magnotta - Department of Radiology, University of Iowa
Will Penny - School of Psychology, University of East Anglia
Gregor Schöner - Institute for Neurocomputing, Ruhr University
Theodore J Huppert - Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh
John P Spencer - School of Psychology, University of East Anglia
Resource Type: Journal article
Publication Details: Psychological review, Vol.128(2), pp.362-395
DOI: 10.1037/rev0000264
PMID: 33570976
NLM abbreviation: Psychol Rev
ISSN: 0033-295X
eISSN: 1939-1471
Publisher: United States
Grant note: National Science Foundation
Language: English
Date published: 03/2021
Academic Unit: Roy J. Carver Department of Biomedical Engineering; Radiology; Psychiatry; Psychological and Brain Sciences; Iowa Neuroscience Institute
Record Identifier: 9984066140602771

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