Journal article
Hypertension, Dietary Sodium, and Cognitive Decline: Results From the Women's Health Initiative Memory Study
American journal of hypertension, Vol.29(2), pp.202-216
02/2016
DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpv081
PMCID: PMC4723668
PMID: 26137952
Abstract
To investigate the relationships of hypertension, antihypertensive treatment, and sodium intake on cognitive decline in older women.
Prospective follow-up of 6,426 cognitively intact women aged 65-79 years enrolled in the Women's Health Initiative Memory Study (WHIMS) with a median follow-up of 9.1 years. Dietary sodium intake was determined by food frequency questionnaires. Hypertension was defined as self-report of current drug therapy for hypertension. Blood pressure (BP) control was assessed by treatment for hypertension and clinic measurement of systolic BP ≥ 140 mm Hg or diastolic BP ≥ 90 mm Hg at baseline. Cognitive functioning was assessed annually by global cognitive screening, neurocognitive, and neuropsychiatric evaluations. Cognitive decline was identified by the incidence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or probable dementia (PD). Cox proportional hazards analyses were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs).
Hypertension was associated with an increased risk for cognitive decline (HR 1.20; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.04, 1.39; P = 0.02). Among women with antihypertensive medication, those with BP ≥140/90 mm Hg (uncontrolled BP) were at highest risk for developing cognitive decline (HR 1.30; 95% CI 1.05, 1.60) compared to women without treatment and BP <140/90mm Hg (controlled BP). Sodium intake >1,500 mg/day did not alter the risk for cognitive decline in hypertensive women or women with antihypertensive treatment (P for interaction = 0.96 or 0.97).
Women with antihypertensive treatment and uncontrolled BP showed highest risk estimates for developing cognitive decline compared to non-hypertensive women. Sodium intake did not modify the risk for cognitive decline in women with hypertension or receiving antihypertensive medication.
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00685009 and NCT00745056.
Details
- Title: Subtitle
- Hypertension, Dietary Sodium, and Cognitive Decline: Results From the Women's Health Initiative Memory Study
- Creators
- Bernhard Haring - Department of Internal Medicine I, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Bavaria, Germany; haring_b@ukw.deChunyuan Wu - Women's Health Initiative, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USALaura H Coker - Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USAArjun Seth - Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USALinda Snetselaar - Department of Epidemiology, University of Iowa College of Public Health, Iowa City, Iowa, USAJoAnn E Manson - Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USAJacques E Rossouw - National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USASylvia Wassertheil-Smoller - Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
- Resource Type
- Journal article
- Publication Details
- American journal of hypertension, Vol.29(2), pp.202-216
- Publisher
- United States
- DOI
- 10.1093/ajh/hpv081
- PMID
- 26137952
- PMCID
- PMC4723668
- ISSN
- 0895-7061
- eISSN
- 1879-1905
- Grant note
- HHSN268201100046C / NHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201100002I / NHLBI NIH HHS HHSN271201100004C / NIA NIH HHS HHSN268201100001C / WHI NIH HHS HHSN268201100004I / NHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201100002C / WHI NIH HHS HHSN268201100001I / NHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201100003C / WHI NIH HHS HHSN268201100004C / WHI NIH HHS
- Language
- English
- Date published
- 02/2016
- Academic Unit
- Epidemiology; Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center; Internal Medicine
- Record Identifier
- 9983995103402771
Metrics
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