Journal article
Impact of Enteral Albuterol on Bradycardic Events After Acute Cervical Spinal Cord Injury
Neurocritical care, Vol.36(3), pp.840-845
06/2022
DOI: 10.1007/s12028-021-01384-0
PMID: 34845597
Abstract
Background
Acute cervical spinal cord injury (ACSCI) is commonly complicated by spinal shock, resulting in hemodynamic instability characterized by bradycardia and hypotension that can have fatal consequences. Current guidelines recommend the use of intravenous beta and dopamine agonists, such as norepinephrine and dopamine, respectively. We sought to determine whether enteral albuterol would be a safe and feasible treatment for bradycardia without an increase in the occurrence of known side effects of albuterol in patients with ACSCI.
Methods
A retrospective review of patients with ACSCI admitted to an intensive care unit at a level I trauma center and treated with enteral albuterol was conducted. Patients were excluded for the following reasons: pure beta blocker use prior to injury, concurrent use of pacemaker, age of less than 18 years, or age more than 75 years. As part of the standard of care, all patients underwent mean arterial pressure (MAP) augmentation to reach a goal of greater than 85 mm Hg during the first 7 days post injury. All eligible patient charts were reviewed for demographic characteristics, daily minimum and maximum heart rate and MAP, and concomitant vasoactive medication use. Bradycardia and tachycardia were defined as heart rate less than 60 beats per minute (bpm) and greater than 100 bpm, respectively. Factors found to be associated with bradycardia on univariate analysis were entered into a multivariable generalized estimating equation analysis to determine factors independently associated with bradycardia during the study period.
Results
There were 58 patients with cervical ASCI (age 45 ± 18 years, 76% men) admitted between January 1, 2016, and December 31, 2017, that met the study criteria. The mean time to initiation of albuterol was 1.5 ± 1.7 days post injury, with a duration of 9.3 ± 4.5 days and a mean daily dosage of 7.8 ± 4.5 mg. Bradycardia was observed in 136 of 766 patient days (17%). There were a few episodes of hyperglycemia (1%) and tachycardia (3%), but no episodes of hypokalemia. In a multivariable analysis, female sex (
P
= 0.006) and American Spinal Cord Injury Association grade A, B, or C (
P
< 0.001) were associated with a higher risk of developing bradycardia, whereas dosage of albuterol (
P
= 0.009) and norepinephrine use (
P
= 0.008) were associated with a lower risk of developing bradycardia.
Conclusions
Albuterol administration in ASCI is a safe and feasible treatment for bradycardia, given that no significant side effects, such as hyperglycemia, hypokalemia, or tachycardia, were observed. The administration of enteral albuterol was well tolerated and, in a dose-dependent manner, associated with a lower occurrence of bradycardia. Further prospective trials for the use of enteral albuterol after SCI are warranted.
Details
- Title: Subtitle
- Impact of Enteral Albuterol on Bradycardic Events After Acute Cervical Spinal Cord Injury
- Creators
- Krista Lim-Hing - University of Maryland, BaltimoreJennifer Massetti - University of Maryland, BaltimoreMehrnaz Pajoumand - University of Maryland Medical CenterShailvi Gupta - University of Maryland, BaltimoreRyne Jenkins - University of Maryland, BaltimoreMubariz Hassan - University of Maryland, BaltimorePaxton Paganelli - University of Maryland, BaltimoreGunjan Parikh - University of Maryland, BaltimoreWan-Tsu Chang - Program in Trauma, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Maryland School of MedicineGary Schwartzbauer - University of Maryland, BaltimoreDeborah Stein - University of Maryland, BaltimoreNeeraj Badjatia - University of Maryland, Baltimore
- Resource Type
- Journal article
- Publication Details
- Neurocritical care, Vol.36(3), pp.840-845
- DOI
- 10.1007/s12028-021-01384-0
- PMID
- 34845597
- NLM abbreviation
- Neurocrit Care
- ISSN
- 1541-6933
- eISSN
- 1556-0961
- Publisher
- Springer US
- Number of pages
- 6
- Language
- English
- Date published
- 06/2022
- Academic Unit
- Internal Medicine
- Record Identifier
- 9984920593702771
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