Journal article
Impacts of Topographic Relief and Crustal Heterogeneity on Coseismic Deformation and Inversions for Fault Geometry and Slip: A Case Study of the 2015 Gorkha Earthquake in the Central Himalayan Arc
Geochemistry, geophysics, geosystems : G3, Vol.21(12), e2020GC009413
12/2020
DOI: 10.1029/2020GC009413
Abstract
Fault source models inverted from surface displacement measurements are a common tool to contextualize the seismotectonic significance of earthquakes. However, these models commonly invoke a simplified homogeneous elastic half‐space (flat Earth) description of Earth, which may bias the resulting fault geometries and slip distributions in the presence of spatially varying Earth's elastic structure and topography. Here, we developed both forward and inverse three‐dimensional finite‐element models with planar faults to systematically assess the impacts of topography, crustal elastic structure, and fault geometry on surface deformation and earthquake source inversions, with a focus on the 2015 Gorkha, Nepal earthquake. Our forward models with fixed fault slip confirm the impacts of topography and crustal heterogeneity on surface deformation. These impacts, however, contribute only maximally ∼10% of the total surface displacement, and the fault depth and dip dominantly control the coseismic deformation for the Gorkha case. When using homogeneous half‐space models to invert the synthetic displacement fields generated by forward finite‐element models, we find that ignoring crustal heterogeneity primarily biases inferred dip angle, while ignoring relief primarily biases inferred fault depth. Our inversions based on finite‐element models suggest that topography and crustal heterogeneity introduce negligible bias on recovering the Gorkha line of sight observations. Fault dip angle and depth can systematically trade off with slip area and slip magnitude, regardless of the presence of relief and crustal heterogeneities. Taken together, our findings highlight the importance of fault geometry on inverted fault kinematics with geodetic observations in the central Himalayan arc.
Key Points
We explore the impacts of unmodeled relief and crustal heterogeneity on coseismic deformation and inversions for fault geometry and slip for the Gorkha earthquake
Excluding relief and crustal heterogeneity biases the determination of fault depth and dip, respectively
Inverted fault slip distribution trades off significantly with fault depth and dip angle, regardless of the presence of relief and/or crustal heterogeneity
Details
- Title: Subtitle
- Impacts of Topographic Relief and Crustal Heterogeneity on Coseismic Deformation and Inversions for Fault Geometry and Slip: A Case Study of the 2015 Gorkha Earthquake in the Central Himalayan Arc
- Creators
- Shaoyang Li - The University of TokyoWilliam D Barnhart - The University of Iowa
- Resource Type
- Journal article
- Publication Details
- Geochemistry, geophysics, geosystems : G3, Vol.21(12), e2020GC009413
- DOI
- 10.1029/2020GC009413
- ISSN
- 1525-2027
- eISSN
- 1525-2027
- Number of pages
- 25
- Language
- English
- Date published
- 12/2020
- Academic Unit
- Earth and Environmental Sciences
- Record Identifier
- 9984066105802771
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