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Impacts of the Pandemic on Social Determinants of Health in an Academic Emergency Department
Journal article   Open access   Peer reviewed

Impacts of the Pandemic on Social Determinants of Health in an Academic Emergency Department

Shannon Findlay, Uche Okoro, Sangil Lee, Karisa Harland, Marisa Evens, Elizabeth Dang, Mary McCormick and Chris Buresh
The western journal of emergency medicine, Vol.23(6), pp.811-816
11/01/2022
DOI: 10.5811/westjem.2022.8.56145
PMCID: PMC9683757
PMID: 36409946
url
https://doi.org/10.5811/westjem.2022.8.56145View
Published (Version of record) Open Access

Abstract

INTRODUCTIONThe coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused significant disruptions in daily life. Given the role that social determinants of health play in the overall well-being of individuals and populations, we wanted to determine the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on our patient population in the emergency department (ED). METHODSWe adapted the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services social risk assessment to assess changes to participants' social situations throughout the COVID-19 pandemic from January 2020-February 2021. The survey was administered within the ED to individuals selected by a convenience sample of patients who were stable enough to complete the form. RESULTSWe received 200 (66%) responses from the 305 patients approached. Worsened food access was reported by 8.5% (17) of respondents, while 13.6% (27) reported worsened food concern since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. The odds of worsened food access were higher among non-Whites (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 19.17, 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.33-110.53) and females (aOR 9.77, CI 1.51-63.44). Non-Whites had greater odds of worsened food concern (aOR 15.31, CI 3.94-59.54). Worsened financial difficulty was reported by 24% (48) of respondents. The odds of worsened financial difficulty were higher among females (aOR 2.87, 95% CI 1.08-7.65) and non-Whites (aOR 10.53, CI 2.75-40.35). CONCLUSIONThe COVID-19 pandemic has worsened many of the social determinants of health found within communities. Moreover, vulnerable communities were found to be disproportionately affected as compared to their counterparts. Understanding the challenges faced by our patient populations can serve as a guide on how to assist them more comprehensively.

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