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In-House and Arm's Length: Productivity Heterogeneity and Variation in Organizational Form
Journal article   Open access   Peer reviewed

In-House and Arm's Length: Productivity Heterogeneity and Variation in Organizational Form

Stephen F. Lin, Catherine Thomas and Arturs Kalnins
Journal of law, economics, & organization, Vol.36(3), pp.415-460
11/01/2020
DOI: 10.1093/jleo/ewaa003
url
https://doi.org/10.1093/jleo/ewaa003View
Published (Version of record) Open Access

Abstract

This paper analyzes firm boundaries in the US hotel industry. Hotel properties of a given brand are often managed either by a chain employee or by a franchisee. We document that brand properties with the lowest and the highest occupancy rates are more likely to be managed at arm's length by franchisees. Variation in organizational form is consistent with a model in which the incentives embodied in management contracts vary with property-level productivity. We infer that most hotel chains franchise low-productivity relationships to keep property-level fixed costs low and franchise the most productive relationships to create high-powered incentives for franchisees. Franchisees of high-productivity properties face stronger incentives than the managers of both chain-managed properties and low-productivity franchises because the performance incentives in franchise contracts are proportional to hotel revenues and complement the incentives from franchisees' property control rights.
Business & Economics Economics Government & Law Law Social Sciences

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