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In situ monitoring of nanoparticle formation: Antisolvent precipitation of azole anti-fungal drugs
Journal article   Peer reviewed

In situ monitoring of nanoparticle formation: Antisolvent precipitation of azole anti-fungal drugs

Kate P.M. McComiskey, Naila A. Mugheirbi, Jack Stapleton and Lidia Tajber
International journal of pharmaceutics, Vol.543(1-2), pp.201-213
05/30/2018
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.03.054
PMID: 29604371
url
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378517318302011?via%3DihubView
Open Access

Abstract

[Display omitted] In this work we report the effect of stabilizer choice and concentration on nanoparticle (NP) stability over time. Three different BCS class II active pharmaceutical ingredient (APIs): itraconazole (ITR), ketoconazole (KETO) and posaconazole (POS) were chosen due to their poor aqueous solubility and closely related chemical structures. Polyethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol methyl ether and polyethylene glycol dimethyl ether (DMPEG) with a molecular weight of 2000 Da were included as stabilisers. NPs were formed in situ using an anti-solvent addition, bottom up method at 25 °C. Colloidal stability was monitored using dynamic light scattering (DLS), accompanied by morphological examination of the NPs using scanning electron microscopy. Kinetic modelling indicates nanoparticle growth is driven by Ostwald ripening (OR). The presence of DMPEG causes OR growth to become an interface controlled process following a parabola trend. DMPEG encourages OR for POS NPs whilst driving the crystallisation process. The rate of OR appears to be inherent of the crystallisation pathway by which these APIs proceed. Crystallisation mechanisms are API, stabilizer type and concentration dependent. DLS is suitable as an initial systematic screening method for stabilizer selection, aiding the pharmaceutical scientist in the optimisation of nano-formulations.
Crystallisation Dynamic light scattering Itraconazole Ketoconazole Nanoparticle Ostwald ripening Posaconazole

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