Journal article
Incidence of and risk factors for cognitive impairment in an early Parkinson disease clinical trial cohort
Neurology, Vol.73(18), pp.1469-1477
2009
DOI: 10.1212/WNL.0b013e3181bf992f
PMCID: PMC2779004
PMID: 19884574
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the incidence of and risk factors for cognitive impairment in a large, well-defined clinical trial cohort of patients with early Parkinson disease (PD). Methods: The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) was administered periodically over a median follow-up period of 6.5 years to participants in the Deprenyl and Tocopherol Antioxidative Therapy of Parkinsonism trial and its extension studies. Cognitive impairment was defined as scoring 2 standard deviations below age- and education-adjusted MMSE norms. Results: Cumulative incidence of cognitive impairment in the 740 participants with clinically confirmed PD (baseline age 61.0 ± 9.6 years, Hoehn-Yahr stage 1–2.5) was 2.4% (95% confidence interval: 1.2%–3.5%) at 2 years and 5.8% (3.7%–7.7%) at 5 years. Subjects who developed cognitive impairment (n = 46) showed significant progressive decline on neuropsychological tests measuring verbal learning and memory, visuospatial working memory, visuomotor speed, and attention, while the performance of the nonimpaired subjects (n = 694) stayed stable. Cognitive impairment was associated with older age, hallucinations, male gender, increased symmetry of parkinsonism, increased severity of motor impairment (except for tremor), speech and swallowing impairments, dexterity loss, and presence of gastroenterologic/urologic disorders at baseline. Conclusions: The relatively low incidence of cognitive impairment in the Deprenyl and Tocopherol Antioxidative Therapy of Parkinsonism study may reflect recruitment bias inherent to clinical trial volunteers (e.g., younger age) or limitations of the Mini-Mental State Examination–based criterion. Besides confirming known risk factors for cognitive impairment, we identified potentially novel predictors such as bulbar dysfunction and gastroenterologic/urologic disorders (suggestive of autonomic dysfunction) early in the course of the disease.
Details
- Title: Subtitle
- Incidence of and risk factors for cognitive impairment in an early Parkinson disease clinical trial cohort
- Creators
- E. Y UC - Department of Neurology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, United StatesM. P MCDERMOTT - Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United StatesK. S MARDER - Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United StatesS. W ANDERSON - Department of Neurology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, United StatesI LITVAN - Department of Neurology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United StatesP. G COMO - Department of Neurology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United StatesP AUINGER - Department of Neurology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United StatesK. L CHOU - Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United StatesJ. C GROWDON - Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, United States
- Resource Type
- Journal article
- Publication Details
- Neurology, Vol.73(18), pp.1469-1477
- Publisher
- Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; Hagerstown, MD
- DOI
- 10.1212/WNL.0b013e3181bf992f
- PMID
- 19884574
- PMCID
- PMC2779004
- ISSN
- 0028-3878
- eISSN
- 1526-632X
- Language
- English
- Date published
- 2009
- Academic Unit
- Neurology
- Record Identifier
- 9984020797602771
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