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Inclusion of Epitopes That Expand High-Avidity CD4+ T Cells Transforms Subprotective Vaccines to Efficacious Immunogens against Virulent Francisella tularensis
Journal article   Peer reviewed

Inclusion of Epitopes That Expand High-Avidity CD4+ T Cells Transforms Subprotective Vaccines to Efficacious Immunogens against Virulent Francisella tularensis

Lydia M Roberts, Deborah D Crane, Tara D Wehrly, Joshua R Fletcher, Bradley D Jones and Catharine M Bosio
The Journal of immunology (1950), Vol.197(7), pp.2738-2747
10/01/2016
DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600879
PMCID: PMC5026927
PMID: 27543611

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Abstract

T cells are the immunological cornerstone in host defense against infections by intracellular bacterial pathogens, such as virulent Francisella tularensis spp. tularensis (Ftt). The general paucity of novel vaccines for Ftt during the past 60 y can, in part, be attributed to the poor understanding of immune parameters required to survive infection. Thus, we developed a strategy utilizing classical immunological tools to elucidate requirements for effective adaptive immune responses directed against Ftt. Following generation of various Francisella strains expressing well-characterized lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus epitopes, we found that survival correlated with persistence of Ag-specific CD4(+) T cells. Function of these cells was confirmed in their ability to more effectively control Ftt replication in vitro. The importance of understanding the Ag-specific response was underscored by our observation that inclusion of an epitope that elicits high-avidity CD4(+) T cells converted a poorly protective vaccine to one that engenders 100% protection. Taken together, these data suggest that improved efficacy of current tularemia vaccine platforms will require targeting appropriate Ag-specific CD4(+) T cell responses and that elucidation of Francisella epitopes that elicit high-avidity CD4(+) T cell responses, specifically in humans, will be required for successful vaccine development.
CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes - immunology Francisella tularensis - immunology Animals Bacterial Vaccines - immunology Female Mice Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte - immunology Mice, Inbred Strains

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