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Innovations in Clinical Maxillofacial Tissue Engineering and Reconstruction: Cellular Bone Matrix Allografts, Autografts, and Growth Factors
Journal article   Open access   Peer reviewed

Innovations in Clinical Maxillofacial Tissue Engineering and Reconstruction: Cellular Bone Matrix Allografts, Autografts, and Growth Factors

Jeffrey S. Marschall
Craniomaxillofacial trauma & reconstruction, Vol.19(2), 18
03/24/2026
DOI: 10.3390/cmtr19020018
PMCID: PMC13108040
PMID: 42029429
url
https://doi.org/10.3390/cmtr19020018View
Published (Version of record) Open Access

Abstract

Reconstruction of craniomaxillofacial (CMF) bony defects requires individualized strategies based on defect characteristics and graft bed biology, with traditional approaches relying on autogenous non-vascularized bone grafts or vascularized free flaps that, while reliable, are associated with donor-site morbidity and operative complexity. Biologically driven reconstructive strategies, including tissue engineering, cellular bone matrix allografts (CBMs), and growth factor adjuncts, have emerged as alternatives or complements to autograft-based reconstruction. This review introduces and details these new innovations with emphasis on the current literature, thus empowering surgeons to enhance their clinical armamentarium.

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