Insulin Response Genes in Different Stages of Periodontal Disease

N Yu; S P Barros; S Zhang; K L Moss; S T Phillips; S Offenbacher

doi:10.1177/0022034515584384

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Insulin Response Genes in Different Stages of Periodontal Disease

Journal article

Open access

Peer reviewed

Insulin Response Genes in Different Stages of Periodontal Disease

N Yu, S P Barros, S Zhang, K L Moss, S T Phillips and S Offenbacher

Journal of dental research, Vol.94(9 Suppl), pp.194S-200S

09/2015

DOI: 10.1177/0022034515584384

PMCID: PMC4547205

PMID: 25924856

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https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc4547205View

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Abstract

Bacterial infections are known to alter glucose metabolism within tissues via mechanisms of inflammation. We conducted this study to examine whether insulin response genes are differentially expressed in gingival tissues, comparing samples from experimental gingivitis and periodontitis subjects to those from healthy individuals. Total RNA was extracted from gingival biopsies from 26 participants: 8 periodontally healthy, 9 experimental gingivitis, and 9 periodontitis subjects. Gene expression patterns were evaluated with a polymerase chain reaction array panel to examine 84 candidate genes involved with glucose metabolism, insulin resistance, and obesity. Array data were evaluated with a t test adjusted by the false discover rate (P < 0.05), and ingenuity pathway analysis was performed for statistical testing of pathways. Although tissue samples were not sufficient to enable protein quantification, we confirmed the upregulation of the key gene using lipopolysaccharide-stimulated primary gingival epithelial cells by Western blot. The mRNA expression patterns of genes that are associated with insulin response and glucose metabolism are markedly different in experimental gingivitis subjects compared with healthy controls. Thirty-two genes are upregulated significantly by at least 2-fold, adjusted for false discover rate (P < 0.05). Periodontitis subjects show similar but attenuated changes in gene expression patterns, and no genes meet the significance criteria. Ingenuity pathway analysis demonstrates significant activation of the carbohydrate metabolism network in experimental gingivitis but not in periodontitis. G6PD protein increases in response to lipopolysaccharide stimulation in primary gingival epithelial cells, which is in the same direction as upregulated mRNA in tissues. Acute gingival inflammation may be associated with tissue metabolism changes, but these changes are not evident in chronic periodontitis. This study suggests that acute gingival inflammation may induce localized changes that modify tissue insulin/glucose metabolism.

Up-Regulation

Epithelial Cells - metabolism

Gingivitis - metabolism

Epithelial Cells - drug effects

Humans

Middle Aged

Carbohydrate Metabolism - genetics

Male

Gene Expression Profiling

Periodontal Attachment Loss - genetics

Gingivitis - genetics

Obesity - genetics

Periodontal Pocket - genetics

Young Adult

Gingiva - metabolism

Gingiva - drug effects

Chronic Periodontitis - genetics

Adult

Female

Insulin - genetics

Periodontal Pocket - metabolism

Gene Expression Regulation - genetics

Cells, Cultured

Obesity - metabolism

Periodontal Attachment Loss - metabolism

Adolescent

Gingiva - cytology

Insulin Resistance - genetics

Lipopolysaccharides - pharmacology

Glucose - metabolism

Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase - drug effects

Chronic Periodontitis - metabolism

Details

Title: Subtitle: Insulin Response Genes in Different Stages of Periodontal Disease
Creators: N Yu - Center for Oral and Systemic Diseases, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA Oral Biology Curriculum, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
S P Barros - Center for Oral and Systemic Diseases, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
S Zhang - Center for Oral and Systemic Diseases, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
K L Moss - Center for Oral and Systemic Diseases, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
S T Phillips - Center for Oral and Systemic Diseases, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
S Offenbacher - Center for Oral and Systemic Diseases, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA steven_offenbacher@unc.edu
Resource Type: Journal article
Publication Details: Journal of dental research, Vol.94(9 Suppl), pp.194S-200S
Publisher: United States
DOI: 10.1177/0022034515584384
PMID: 25924856
PMCID: PMC4547205
ISSN: 0022-0345
eISSN: 1544-0591
Grant note: UL1 TR002489 / NCATS NIH HHS\n1UL1TR001111 / NCATS NIH HHS\nR90-DE022527 / NIDCR NIH HHS\n5R01DE021418 / NIDCR NIH HHS\nR01 DE021418 / NIDCR NIH HHS\nR90 DE022527 / NIDCR NIH HHS\nUL1 TR001111 / NCATS NIH HHS\nR01 DE023836 / NIDCR NIH HHS
Language: English
Date published: 09/2015
Academic Unit: Periodontics
Record Identifier: 9984065995902771

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