Insulin, Testosterone, and Albumin in Term and Preterm Breast Milk, Donor Milk, and Infant Formula

Réka A Vass; Edward F Bell; Robert D Roghair; Gabriella Kiss; Simone Funke; Szilvia Bokor; Dénes Molnár; Attila Miseta; József Bódis; Kálmán Kovács; Tibor Ertl

doi:10.3390/nu15061476

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Insulin, Testosterone, and Albumin in Term and Preterm Breast Milk, Donor Milk, and Infant Formula

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Insulin, Testosterone, and Albumin in Term and Preterm Breast Milk, Donor Milk, and Infant Formula

Réka A Vass, Edward F Bell, Robert D Roghair, Gabriella Kiss, Simone Funke, Szilvia Bokor, Dénes Molnár, Attila Miseta, József Bódis, Kálmán Kovács, …

Nutrients, Vol.15(6), 1476

03/19/2023

DOI: 10.3390/nu15061476

PMCID: PMC10051190

PMID: 36986206

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Abstract

Infants have three options for feeding: their own mother's breast milk, donor milk, or infant formula. Insulin, testosterone, total protein, and albumin levels were measured in breast milk samples from the first 6 months of lactation, in donor milk samples, and in different infant formulas. Mothers who gave birth to term ( = 19) or preterm ( = 19) infants were recruited to collect breast milk samples during the first 6 months of lactation. The Breast Milk Collection Center (Unified Health Institution, Pécs, Hungary) provided 96 donor milk (DM) samples for analysis in our study. Insulin, testosterone, total protein, and albumin levels were measured in breast milk, donor milk, and infant formulas. During the first 2 months of lactation, the concentration of insulin was lower (-27.4%) while the testosterone concentration was higher (+20.8%) compared to the period between the 3rd and 6th months only in the preterm breast milk samples. The infant formulas examined did not contain insulin or testosterone. Holder pasteurization (HoP) did not influence the level of testosterone in human milk, although HoP decreased the insulin (-53.6%) and albumin (-38.6%) concentrations. Diet impacts the hormone intake of infants, underlining the importance of breastfeeding and the possible supplementation of formula-fed infants.

Breast Feeding

Insulin

Albumins

Female

Humans

Infant

Infant Formula

Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena

Infant, Newborn

Infant, Premature

Milk, Human

Testosterone

Details

Title: Subtitle: Insulin, Testosterone, and Albumin in Term and Preterm Breast Milk, Donor Milk, and Infant Formula
Creators: Réka A Vass - University of Pecs
Edward F Bell - University of Iowa
Robert D Roghair - University of Iowa
Gabriella Kiss - University of Pecs
Simone Funke - University of Pecs
Szilvia Bokor - University of Pecs
Dénes Molnár - University of Pecs
Attila Miseta - University of Pecs
József Bódis - University of Pecs
Kálmán Kovács - University of Pecs
Tibor Ertl - University of Pecs
Resource Type: Journal article
Publication Details: Nutrients, Vol.15(6), 1476
DOI: 10.3390/nu15061476
PMID: 36986206
PMCID: PMC10051190
NLM abbreviation: Nutrients
eISSN: 2072-6643
Grant note: name: “The use of chip-technology in increasing the effectiveness of human in vitro fertilization”, the National Laboratory on Human Reproduction, and the Medical School of the University of Pécs, award: GINOP-2.3.2-15-2016-00021; name: National Laboratory on Reproduction as part of the “Establishment of National Laboratories 2020
Language: English
Date published: 03/19/2023
Academic Unit: Stead Family Department of Pediatrics; Neonatology
Record Identifier: 9984381137502771

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