Journal article
Internal versus External Auditory Hallucinations in Schizophrenia: Symptom and Course Correlates
Cognitive neuropsychiatry, Vol.20(3), pp.187-197
05/2015
DOI: 10.1080/13546805.2014.991387
PMCID: PMC4372463
PMID: 25530157
Abstract
Introduction: The auditory hallucinations associated with schizophrenia are phenomenologically diverse. "External" hallucinations classically have been considered to reflect more severe psychopathology than "internal" hallucinations, but empirical support has been equivocal.
Methods: We examined associations of "internal" versus "external" hallucinations with (1) other characteristics of the hallucinations, (2) severity of other symptoms and (3) course of illness variables, in a sample of 97 stable outpatients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder who experienced auditory hallucinations.
Results: Patients with internal hallucinations did not differ from those with external hallucinations on severity of other symptoms. However, they reported their hallucinations to be more emotionally negative, distressing and long-lasting, less controllable and less likely to remit over time. They also were more likely to experience voices commenting, conversing or commanding. However, they also were more likely to have insight into the self-generated nature of their voices. Patients with internal hallucinations were not older, but had a later age of illness onset.
Conclusions: Differences in characteristics of auditory hallucinations are associated with differences in other characteristics of the disorder, and hence may be relevant to identifying subgroups of patients that are more homogeneous with respect to their underlying disease processes.
Details
- Title: Subtitle
- Internal versus External Auditory Hallucinations in Schizophrenia: Symptom and Course Correlates
- Creators
- Nancy M Docherty - Department of Psychology, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44242, USAThomas J Dinzeo - Department of Psychology, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Rd, Glassboro, NJ, 08028, USAAmanda McCleery - Semel Institute, UCLA, 760 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USAEmily K Bell - Department of Psychology, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44242, USAMohammed K Shakeel - Department of Psychology, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44242, USAAubrey Moe - Department of Psychology, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44242, USA
- Resource Type
- Journal article
- Publication Details
- Cognitive neuropsychiatry, Vol.20(3), pp.187-197
- DOI
- 10.1080/13546805.2014.991387
- PMID
- 25530157
- PMCID
- PMC4372463
- NLM abbreviation
- Cogn Neuropsychiatry
- ISSN
- 1354-6805
- eISSN
- 1464-0619
- Grant note
- DOI: 10.13039/100000025, name: National Institute of Mental Health, award: RO1-MH58783
- Language
- English
- Date published
- 05/2015
- Academic Unit
- Psychiatry; Psychological and Brain Sciences; Iowa Neuroscience Institute
- Record Identifier
- 9984065366502771
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