Joint Associations of Diet, Lifestyle, and Genes with Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Kristin J Meyers; Zhe Liu; Amy E Millen; Sudha K Iyengar; Barbara A Blodi; Elizabeth Johnson; D Max Snodderly; Michael L Klein; Karen M Gehrs; Lesley Tinker; Gloria E Sarto; Jennifer Robinson; Robert B Wallace; Julie A Mares

doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2015.07.029

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Joint Associations of Diet, Lifestyle, and Genes with Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Journal article

Peer reviewed

Joint Associations of Diet, Lifestyle, and Genes with Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Kristin J Meyers, Zhe Liu, Amy E Millen, Sudha K Iyengar, Barbara A Blodi, Elizabeth Johnson, D Max Snodderly, Michael L Klein, Karen M Gehrs, Lesley Tinker, …

Ophthalmology (Rochester, Minn.), Vol.122(11), pp.2286-2294

11/2015

DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2015.07.029

PMCID: PMC4714866

PMID: 26354764

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Abstract

Unhealthy lifestyles have been associated with increased odds for age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Whether this association is modified by genetic risk for AMD is unknown and was investigated. Interactions between healthy lifestyles AMD risk genotypes were studied in relation to the prevalence of AMD, assessed 6 years later. Women 50 to 79 years of age in the Carotenoids in Age-Related Eye Disease Study with exposure and AMD data (n=1663). Healthy lifestyle scores (0-6 points) were assigned based on Healthy Eating Index scores, physical activity (metabolic equivalent of task hours/week), and smoking pack years assessed in 1994 and 1998. Genetic risk was based on Y402H in complement factor H (CFH) and A69S in age-related maculopathy susceptibility locus 2 (ARMS2). Additive and multiplicative interactions in odds ratios were assessed using the synergy index and a multiplicative interaction term, respectively. AMD presence and severity were assessed from grading of stereoscopic fundus photographs taken in 2001-2004. AMD was present in 337 women, 91% of whom had early AMD. The odds of AMD were 3.3 times greater (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.8-6.1) in women with both low healthy lifestyle score (0-2) and high-risk CFH genotype (CC), relative to those who had low genetic risk (TT) and high healthy lifestyle scores (4-6). There were no significant additive (synergy index [SI], 1.08; 95% CI, 0.70-1.67) or multiplicative (Pinteraction=0.94) interactions in the full sample. However, when limiting the sample to women with stable diets before AMD assessment (n=728) the odds for AMD associated with low healthy lifestyle scores and high-risk CFH genotype were strengthened (odds ratio, 4.6; 95% CI, 1.8-11.6) and the synergy index was significant (SI, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.05-1.70). Adjusting for dietary lutein and zeaxanthin attenuated, and therefore partially explained, the joint association. There were no significant additive or multiplicative interactions for ARMS2 and lifestyle score. Having unhealthy lifestyles and 2 CFH risk alleles increased AMD risk (primarily in the early stages), in an or additive or greater (synergistic) manner. However, unhealthy lifestyles increased AMD risk regardless of AMD risk genotype.

Macular Degeneration - prevention & control

Life Style

Prevalence

Women's Health

Zeaxanthins - blood

Health Status Indicators

Humans

Middle Aged

Risk Factors

Feeding Behavior

Genotyping Techniques

Lutein - blood

Macular Degeneration - blood

Proteins - genetics

Diet

Macular Degeneration - genetics

Alleles

Female

Aged

Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide

Complement Factor H - genetics

Odds Ratio

Details

Title: Subtitle: Joint Associations of Diet, Lifestyle, and Genes with Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Creators: Kristin J Meyers - University of Wisconsin–Madison
Zhe Liu - University of Wisconsin–Madison
Amy E Millen - University at Buffalo, State University of New York
Sudha K Iyengar - Case Western Reserve University
Barbara A Blodi - University of Wisconsin–Madison
Elizabeth Johnson - Tufts University
D Max Snodderly - Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas, Austin, Texas
Michael L Klein - Oregon Health & Science University
Karen M Gehrs - University of Iowa, Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences
Lesley Tinker - Department of Cancer Prevention Research Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
Gloria E Sarto - University of Wisconsin–Madison
Jennifer Robinson - University of Iowa, Epidemiology
Robert B Wallace - University of Iowa, Epidemiology
Julie A Mares - University of Wisconsin–Madison
Resource Type: Journal article
Publication Details: Ophthalmology (Rochester, Minn.), Vol.122(11), pp.2286-2294
DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2015.07.029
PMID: 26354764
PMCID: PMC4714866
NLM abbreviation: Ophthalmology
ISSN: 0161-6420
eISSN: 1549-4713
Publisher: United States
Grant note: U10 EY013018 / NEI NIH HHS HHSN268201100046C / PHS HHS HHSN268201100004C / PHS HHS P30 CA015704 / NCI NIH HHS EY016886 / NEI NIH HHS HHSN268201100002C / PHS HHS R01 EY016886 / NEI NIH HHS EY013018 / NEI NIH HHS HHSN271201100004C / PHS HHS HHSN268201100001C / PHS HHS HHSN268201100003C / PHS HHS
Language: English
Date published: 11/2015
Academic Unit: Epidemiology; Injury Prevention Research Center; Internal Medicine; Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences
Record Identifier: 9983979950802771

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