Local control of skeletal muscle blood flow during exercise: influence of available oxygen

Darren P Casey; Michael J Joyner

doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00895.2011

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Local control of skeletal muscle blood flow during exercise: influence of available oxygen

Journal article

Open access

Peer reviewed

Local control of skeletal muscle blood flow during exercise: influence of available oxygen

Darren P Casey and Michael J Joyner

Journal of applied physiology (1985), Vol.111(6), pp.1527-1538

12/2011

DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00895.2011

PMCID: PMC3233894

PMID: 21885800

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Abstract

Reductions in oxygen availability (O(2)) by either reduced arterial O(2) content or reduced perfusion pressure can have profound influences on the circulation, including vasodilation in skeletal muscle vascular beds. The purpose of this review is to put into context the present evidence regarding mechanisms responsible for the local control of blood flow during acute systemic hypoxia and/or local hypoperfusion in contracting muscle. The combination of submaximal exercise and hypoxia produces a "compensatory" vasodilation and augmented blood flow in contracting muscles relative to the same level of exercise under normoxic conditions. A similar compensatory vasodilation is observed in response to local reductions in oxygen availability (i.e., hypoperfusion) during normoxic exercise. Available evidence suggests that nitric oxide (NO) contributes to the compensatory dilator response under each of these conditions, whereas adenosine appears to only play a role during hypoperfusion. During systemic hypoxia the NO-mediated component of the compensatory vasodilation is regulated through a β-adrenergic receptor mechanism at low-intensity exercise, while an additional (not yet identified) source of NO is likely to be engaged as exercise intensity increases during hypoxia. Potential candidates for stimulating and/or interacting with NO at higher exercise intensities include prostaglandins and/or ATP. Conversely, prostaglandins do not appear to play a role in the compensatory vasodilation during exercise with hypoperfusion. Taken together, the data for both hypoxia and hypoperfusion suggest NO is important in the compensatory vasodilation seen when oxygen availability is limited. This is important from a basic biological perspective and also has pathophysiological implications for diseases associated with either hypoxia or hypoperfusion.

Reflex - physiology

Oxygen - physiology

Physical Exertion - physiology

Humans

Nitric Oxide - physiology

Muscle, Skeletal - physiology

Animals

Sympathetic Nervous System - physiology

Hyperemia - physiopathology

Muscle Contraction - physiology

Hypoxia - physiopathology

Blood Pressure - physiology

Exercise - physiology

Vasodilation - physiology

Adenosine Triphosphate - physiology

Blood Flow Velocity - physiology

Muscle, Skeletal - blood supply

Details

Title: Subtitle: Local control of skeletal muscle blood flow during exercise: influence of available oxygen
Creators: Darren P Casey - Dept. of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. casey.darren@mayo.edu
Michael J Joyner
Resource Type: Journal article
Publication Details: Journal of applied physiology (1985), Vol.111(6), pp.1527-1538
DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00895.2011
PMID: 21885800
PMCID: PMC3233894
NLM abbreviation: J Appl Physiol (1985)
ISSN: 8750-7587
eISSN: 1522-1601
Publisher: United States
Grant note: AR-55819 / NIAMS NIH HHS HL-46493 / NHLBI NIH HHS
Language: English
Date published: 12/2011
Academic Unit: Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science; Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center
Record Identifier: 9984047999702771

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