Journal article
Locations of COVID‐19 vaccination provision: Urban‐rural differences
The Journal of rural health, Vol.40(3), pp.476-482
Summer 2024
DOI: 10.1111/jrh.12811
PMCID: PMC11089067
PMID: 37957524
Abstract
Abstract Purpose Our goal was to compare locations of COVID‐19 vaccine provision in urban and rural communities over the course of the pandemic. Methods We used the Iowa Immunization Registry Information System (IRIS) to identify the organizations providing COVID‐19 vaccines (eg, pharmacies, public health departments, and medical providers). Proportions of first‐dose vaccines by organization type and patient census‐based statistical area were generated. We calculated Chi‐square tests to assess differences among metropolitan, micropolitan, and noncore communities. Findings IRIS data revealed that 64% (n = 2,043,251) of Iowans received their first COVID‐19 vaccine between December 14, 2020, and December 31, 2022. For metropolitan‐dwelling individuals, most first doses were administered at pharmacies (53%), with similar trends observed for micropolitan (49%) and noncore (42%) individuals. The second most common location for metropolitan individuals was medical practices (17%); public health clinics and departments were the second most common provider for micropolitan (26%) and noncore (33%) individuals. These trends shifted over time. In December 2020, hospitals were the most common vaccine provider for everyone, but by December 2022, medical providers were the most common source for metropolitan individuals, and pharmacies were most common for micropolitan and noncore individuals. Conclusions Trends in the type of vaccine provider differentiated metropolitan residents from micropolitan and noncore residents. For the latter groups, local public health departments played a more significant role. Across all groups, pharmacists emerged as a critical vaccine provider. Our findings can be used to plan for seasonal vaccine campaigns as well as potential future mass vaccination campaigns.
Details
- Title: Subtitle
- Locations of COVID‐19 vaccination provision: Urban‐rural differences
- Creators
- Grace W. Ryan - University of Massachusetts Chan Medical SchoolAmanda R. Kahl - University of IowaDon Callaghan - Iowa Department of Public HealthBethany Kintigh - Iowa Department of Public HealthNatoshia M. Askelson - University of Iowa
- Resource Type
- Journal article
- Publication Details
- The Journal of rural health, Vol.40(3), pp.476-482
- DOI
- 10.1111/jrh.12811
- PMID
- 37957524
- PMCID
- PMC11089067
- NLM abbreviation
- J Rural Health
- ISSN
- 0890-765X
- eISSN
- 1748-0361
- Grant note
- DOI: 10.13039/100000030, name: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, award: U48 DP006389; DOI: 10.13039/100000054, name: National Cancer Institute, award: T32CA172009
- Language
- English
- Electronic publication date
- 11/13/2023
- Date published season
- Summer 2024
- Date published
- 2024
- Academic Unit
- Epidemiology; Injury Prevention Research Center; Public Policy Center (Archive); Community and Behavioral Health
- Record Identifier
- 9984511951902771
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