Low-fat dietary pattern and change in body-composition traits in the Women's Health Initiative Dietary Modification Trial

Cara L Carty; Charles Kooperberg; Marian L Neuhouser; Lesley Tinker; Barbara Howard; Jean Wactawski-Wende; Shirley A A Beresford; Linda Snetselaar; Mara Vitolins; Matthew Allison; Nicole Budrys; Ross Prentice; Ulrike Peters

doi:10.3945/ajcn.110.006395

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Low-fat dietary pattern and change in body-composition traits in the Women's Health Initiative Dietary Modification Trial

Journal article

Open access

Peer reviewed

Low-fat dietary pattern and change in body-composition traits in the Women's Health Initiative Dietary Modification Trial

Cara L Carty, Charles Kooperberg, Marian L Neuhouser, Lesley Tinker, Barbara Howard, Jean Wactawski-Wende, Shirley A A Beresford, Linda Snetselaar, Mara Vitolins, Matthew Allison, …

The American journal of clinical nutrition, Vol.93(3), pp.516-524

03/2011

DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.110.006395

PMCID: PMC3041598

PMID: 21177798

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Abstract

The Women's Health Initiative Dietary Modification (DM) Trial was a randomized controlled trial that compared the effects of a low-fat (≤20% of total energy) or a usual diet in relation to chronic disease risk in postmenopausal women. We characterized long-term body-composition changes associated with the DM trial and potential modifiers of these associations. In the DM trial, 48,835 women aged 50-79 y were randomly assigned to intervention (40%) or comparison (60%) groups. We studied a subset with whole-body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scans at baseline and during follow-up. Changes in fat mass (FM), lean mass (LM), and percentage body fat between the intervention (n = 1580) and comparison (n = 2731) groups at years 1, 3, and 6 were compared. By using generalized estimating equations, we calculated overall differences between groups and tested for interactions with age, diabetes, race-ethnicity (white, black, and Hispanic), body mass index (BMI), and hormone therapy (HT). The intervention women experienced significantly greater reductions in percentage body fat, FM, and LM at years 1 and 3 than did women in the comparison group (all P < 0.05). At year 6, only the FM change was significantly different between groups. Overall, the intervention was associated with reductions in percentage body fat (-0.8%; 95% CI: -1.0%, -0.6%), FM (-1.1 kg; 95% CI: -1.3, -0.8 kg), and LM (-0.17 kg; 95% CI: -0.28, -0.06 kg) during follow-up (all P < 0.003). Intervention associations varied by race-ethnicity, BMI, diabetes, and HT and remained significant after adjustment for physical activity. This intervention was associated with modest long-term body-composition changes; the findings were more robust in years 1 and 3. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00000611.

Body Composition

Overweight - complications

Colonic Neoplasms - prevention & control

Humans

Middle Aged

Coronary Disease - epidemiology

Coronary Disease - ethnology

Overweight - diet therapy

Chronic Disease - prevention & control

Aging

Postmenopause

Female

Breast Neoplasms - ethnology

Colonic Neoplasms - ethnology

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - complications

Breast Neoplasms - epidemiology

Body Mass Index

Risk Factors

Colonic Neoplasms - epidemiology

Chronic Disease - epidemiology

Absorptiometry, Photon

Breast Neoplasms - prevention & control

Chronic Disease - ethnology

Coronary Disease - prevention & control

Diet, Fat-Restricted

Aged

Patient Compliance

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - drug therapy

Details

Title: Subtitle: Low-fat dietary pattern and change in body-composition traits in the Women's Health Initiative Dietary Modification Trial
Creators: Cara L Carty - Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA. ccarty@whi.org
Charles Kooperberg
Marian L Neuhouser
Lesley Tinker
Barbara Howard
Jean Wactawski-Wende
Shirley A A Beresford
Linda Snetselaar
Mara Vitolins
Matthew Allison
Nicole Budrys
Ross Prentice
Ulrike Peters
Resource Type: Journal article
Publication Details: The American journal of clinical nutrition, Vol.93(3), pp.516-524
DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.110.006395
PMID: 21177798
PMCID: PMC3041598
NLM abbreviation: Am J Clin Nutr
ISSN: 0002-9165
eISSN: 1938-3207
Publisher: United States
Grant note: N01WH42129-32 / WHI NIH HHS N01WH42107-26 / WHI NIH HHS N01WH32122 / WHI NIH HHS N01WH44221 / WHI NIH HHS N01WH22110 / WHI NIH HHS N01WH32100-2 / WHI NIH HHS N01WH32111-13 / WHI NIH HHS N01WH32118-32119 / WHI NIH HHS N01WH32115 / WHI NIH HHS N01WH32108-9 / WHI NIH HHS N01WH32105-6 / WHI NIH HHS N01WH24152 / WHI NIH HHS
Language: English
Date published: 03/2011
Academic Unit: Epidemiology; Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center; Internal Medicine
Record Identifier: 9983995035602771

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