Manipulation of RNA polymerase III by Herpes Simplex Virus-1

Sarah E Dremel; Frances L Sivrich; Jessica M Tucker; Britt A Glaunsinger; Neal A DeLuca

doi:10.1038/s41467-022-28144-8

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Manipulation of RNA polymerase III by Herpes Simplex Virus-1

Journal article

Open access

Peer reviewed

Manipulation of RNA polymerase III by Herpes Simplex Virus-1

Sarah E Dremel, Frances L Sivrich, Jessica M Tucker, Britt A Glaunsinger and Neal A DeLuca

Nature communications, Vol.13(1), pp.623-623

02/02/2022

DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28144-8

PMCID: PMC8810925

PMID: 35110532

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Abstract

RNA polymerase III (Pol III) transcribes noncoding RNA, including transfer RNA (tRNA), and is commonly targeted during cancer and viral infection. We find that Herpes Simplex Virus-1 (HSV-1) stimulates tRNA expression 10-fold. Perturbation of host tRNA synthesis requires nuclear viral entry, but not synthesis of specific viral transcripts. tRNA with a specific codon bias were not targeted-rather increased transcription was observed from euchromatic, actively transcribed loci. tRNA upregulation is linked to unique crosstalk between the Pol II and III transcriptional machinery. While viral infection results in depletion of Pol II on host mRNA promoters, we find that Pol II binding to tRNA loci increases. Finally, we report Pol III and associated factors bind the viral genome, which suggests a previously unrecognized role in HSV-1 gene expression. These findings provide insight into mechanisms by which HSV-1 alters the host nuclear environment, shifting key processes in favor of the pathogen.

Genome, Viral

Herpesvirus 1, Human - genetics

Herpesvirus 1, Human - physiology

Humans

Promoter Regions, Genetic

RNA Polymerase II - metabolism

RNA Polymerase III - genetics

RNA Polymerase III - metabolism

RNA, Messenger - metabolism

RNA, Transfer

RNA, Untranslated

Transcription Factors

Transcription, Genetic

Transcriptional Activation

Virus Replication

Details

Title: Subtitle: Manipulation of RNA polymerase III by Herpes Simplex Virus-1
Creators: Sarah E Dremel - University of Pittsburgh
Frances L Sivrich - University of Pittsburgh
Jessica M Tucker - University of California, Berkeley
Britt A Glaunsinger - University of California, Berkeley
Neal A DeLuca - University of Pittsburgh
Resource Type: Journal article
Publication Details: Nature communications, Vol.13(1), pp.623-623
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28144-8
PMID: 35110532
PMCID: PMC8810925
NLM abbreviation: Nat Commun
ISSN: 2041-1723
eISSN: 2041-1723
Grant note: R21 AI156065 / NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI036251 / NIAID NIH HHS Howard Hughes Medical Institute T32 AI060525 / NIAID NIH HHS R21 AI147183 / NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI030612 / NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI122528 / NIAID NIH HHS
Language: English
Date published: 02/02/2022
Academic Unit: Microbiology and Immunology
Record Identifier: 9984297439702771

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