Maternal Exposure to Disinfection By-Products and Risk of Hypospadias in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study (2000-2005)

Ibrahim Zaganjor; Paul A Romitti; Thomas J Luben; Tania A Desrosiers; Alexander P Keil; Lawrence S Engel; Adrian M Michalski; Suzan L Carmichael; Wendy N Nembhard; Gary M Shaw; Jennita Reefhuis; Mahsa M Yazdy; Peter H Langlois; Marcia L Feldkamp; Andrew F Olshan; National Birth Defects Prevention

doi:10.3390/ijerph17249564

Back

Maternal Exposure to Disinfection By-Products and Risk of Hypospadias in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study (2000-2005)

Journal article

Open access

Peer reviewed

Maternal Exposure to Disinfection By-Products and Risk of Hypospadias in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study (2000-2005)

Ibrahim Zaganjor, Paul A Romitti, Thomas J Luben, Tania A Desrosiers, Alexander P Keil, Lawrence S Engel, Adrian M Michalski, Suzan L Carmichael, Wendy N Nembhard, Gary M Shaw, …

International journal of environmental research and public health, Vol.17(24), p.9564

12/21/2020

DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17249564

PMCID: PMC7766973

PMID: 33371304

Files and links (1)

url

https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17249564View

Published (Version of record) Open Access

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to estimate the association between 2nd and 3rd degree hypospadias and maternal exposure to disinfection by-products (DBPs) using data from a large case-control study in the United States. Concentration estimates for total trihalomethanes (TTHMs), the sum of the five most prevalent haloacetic acids (HAA5), and individual species of each were integrated with data on maternal behaviors related to water use from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study (NBDPS) to create three different exposure metrics: (1) household DBP concentrations; (2) estimates of DBP ingestion; (3) predicted uptake (i.e., internal dose) of trihalomethanes (THMs) via ingestion, showering, and bathing. The distribution of DBP exposure was categorized as follows: (Q1/referent) < 50%; (Q2) ≥ 50% to < 75%; and (Q3) ≥ 75%. Logistic regression was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Generally, null associations were observed with increasing TTHM or HAA5 exposure. An increased risk was observed among women with household bromodichloromethane levels in the second quantile (aOR: 1.8; 95% CI: 1.2, 2.7); however, this association did not persist after the inclusion of individual-level water-use data. Findings from the present study do not support the hypothesis that maternal DBP exposures are related to the occurrence of hypospadias.

Pregnancy

Humans

Disinfection

Male

Disinfectants - adverse effects

Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis

Maternal Exposure - statistics & numerical data

Case-Control Studies

Hypospadias - epidemiology

Disinfectants - analysis

Hypospadias - chemically induced

Maternal Exposure - adverse effects

Female

Trihalomethanes - analysis

Trihalomethanes - toxicity

Details

Title: Subtitle: Maternal Exposure to Disinfection By-Products and Risk of Hypospadias in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study (2000-2005)
Creators: Ibrahim Zaganjor - Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
Paul A Romitti - Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
Thomas J Luben - Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
Tania A Desrosiers - Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
Alexander P Keil - Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
Lawrence S Engel - Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
Adrian M Michalski - New York State Department of Health, Bureau of Environmental and Occupational Epidemiology, Albany, NY 12237, USA
Suzan L Carmichael - Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
Wendy N Nembhard - Arkansas Center for Birth Defects Research and Prevention, Department of Epidemiology, Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
Gary M Shaw - Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
Jennita Reefhuis - National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
Mahsa M Yazdy - Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Boston, MA 02108, USA
Peter H Langlois - Division of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas School of Public Health, Austin, TX 78701, USA
Marcia L Feldkamp - Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA
Andrew F Olshan - Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
National Birth Defects Prevention
Resource Type: Journal article
Publication Details: International journal of environmental research and public health, Vol.17(24), p.9564
Publisher: Switzerland
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17249564
PMID: 33371304
PMCID: PMC7766973
ISSN: 1661-7827
eISSN: 1660-4601
Grant note: U50CCU422096; PA 96043; PA 02081; FOA DD09-001 / CDC HHS P2C HD050924 / NICHD NIH HHS U01 DD001231 / NCBDD CDC HHS U01 DD001224 / NCBDD CDC HHS U01 DD001227 / NCBDD CDC HHS T32 HD 52468 / Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development U01 DD001226 / NCBDD CDC HHS
Language: English
Date published: 12/21/2020
Academic Unit: Epidemiology; Biostatistics
Record Identifier: 9984067698802771

Metrics

32 Record Views

4 Times Cited - Web of Science