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Maternal occupational exposure to organic solvents during early pregnancy and risks of neural tube defects and orofacial clefts
Journal article   Peer reviewed

Maternal occupational exposure to organic solvents during early pregnancy and risks of neural tube defects and orofacial clefts

Tania A Desrosiers, Christina C Lawson, Robert E Meyer, David B Richardson, Julie L Daniels, Martha A Waters, Edwin van Wijngaarden, Peter H Langlois, Paul A Romitti, Adolfo Correa, …
Occupational and environmental medicine (London, England), Vol.69(7), pp.493-499
07/2012
DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2011-100245
PMCID: PMC3719396
PMID: 22447643

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Abstract

Though toxicological experiments demonstrate the teratogenicity of organic solvents in animal models, epidemiologic studies have reported inconsistent results. Using data from the population-based National Birth Defects Prevention Study, the authors examined the relation between maternal occupational exposure to aromatic solvents, chlorinated solvents and Stoddard solvent during early pregnancy and neural tube defects (NTDs) and orofacial clefts (OFCs). Cases of NTDs (anencephaly, spina bifida and encephalocoele) and OFCs (cleft lip ± cleft palate and cleft palate alone) delivered between 1997 and 2002 were identified by birth defect surveillance registries in eight states; non-malformed control infants were selected using birth certificates or hospital records. Maternal solvent exposure was estimated by industrial hygienist review of self-reported occupational histories in combination with a literature-derived exposure database. ORs and 95% CIs for the association between solvent class and each birth defect group and component phenotype were estimated using multivariable logistic regression, adjusting for maternal age, race/ethnicity, education, pre-pregnancy body mass index, folic acid supplement use and smoking. The prevalence of exposure to any solvent among mothers of NTD cases (n = 511), OFC cases (n = 1163) and controls (n = 2977) was 13.1%, 9.6% and 8.2%, respectively. Exposure to chlorinated solvents was associated with increased odds of NTDs (OR = 1.96, CI 1.34 to 2.87), especially spina bifida (OR = 2.26, CI 1.44 to 3.53). No solvent class was strongly associated with OFCs in these data. The findings suggest that maternal occupational exposure to chlorinated solvents during early pregnancy is positively associated with the prevalence of NTDs in offspring.
 Pregnancy Confidence Intervals Prevalence Encephalocele - epidemiology Humans Hydrocarbons, Aromatic - adverse effects Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated - adverse effects Young Adult Hydrocarbons - adverse effects Maternal Exposure - adverse effects Adult Female Odds Ratio Anencephaly - chemically induced Infant, Newborn Occupational Exposure - statistics & numerical data Spinal Dysraphism - chemically induced Occupational Exposure - adverse effects Encephalocele - chemically induced Risk Factors Self Report Neural Tube Defects - epidemiology Solvents - adverse effects Anencephaly - epidemiology Logistic Models Spinal Dysraphism - epidemiology Adolescent Neural Tube Defects - chemically induced Pregnancy Complications - chemically induced Mouth Abnormalities - etiology Pregnancy Complications - epidemiology

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