Maternal progestin intake and risk of hypospadias

Suzan L Carmichael; Gary M Shaw; Cecile Laurent; Mary S Croughan; Richard S Olney; Edward J Lammer; National Birth Defects Prevention Study

doi:10.1001/archpedi.159.10.957

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Maternal progestin intake and risk of hypospadias

Journal article

Open access

Peer reviewed

Maternal progestin intake and risk of hypospadias

Suzan L Carmichael, Gary M Shaw, Cecile Laurent, Mary S Croughan, Richard S Olney, Edward J Lammer and National Birth Defects Prevention Study

Archives of pediatrics & adolescent medicine, Vol.159(10), pp.957-962

2005

DOI: 10.1001/archpedi.159.10.957

PMID: 16203941

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Abstract

Background Previous studies have suggested that maternal intake of progestins during early pregnancy may be associated with an increased risk of hypospadias. Progesterone and its derivatives are commonly prescribed during early pregnancy, for example, in cases of luteal phase dysfunction and in conjunction with ovulation stimulation drugs. Objective To examine whether risk of hypospadias was associated with periconceptional progestin intake. Design and Setting The National Birth Defects Prevention Study, a population-based, multistate, case-control study including deliveries that had estimated due dates from October, 1997 to December, 2000. Participants Participation in the study was 71% among case mothers and 68% among control mothers. This analysis included 502 subjects diagnosed with second- or third-degree hypospadias (ie, the urethra opened at the penile shaft, scrotum, or perineum) and 1286 male, live-born, nonmalformed control subjects. Results Forty-two case mothers (8.4%) and 31 control mothers (2.4%) reported any pregnancy-related progestin intake from 4 weeks before through 14 weeks after conception, resulting in an odds ratio of 3.7 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.3-6.0). Analyses stratified by several potential covariates also suggested elevated risks. For example, among the 10 cases and 13 controls who did not report any fertility-related procedures or treatments other than progestins, the odds ratio was 2.2 (95% CI, 1.0-5.0). Progestin intake for the purpose of contraception was not associated with increased risk. Conclusion This study found that pregnancy-related intake of progestins was associated with increased hypospadias risk.

Biological and medical sciences

General aspects

Malformations of the urinary system

Medical sciences

Nephrology. Urinary tract diseases

Urinary system involvement in other diseases. Miscellaneous

Urinary tract. Prostate gland

Details

Title: Subtitle: Maternal progestin intake and risk of hypospadias
Creators: Suzan L Carmichael - March of Dimes Birth Defect Foundation/California, Department of Health Services, California Birth Defects Monitoring Program, Berkeley, United States
Gary M Shaw - March of Dimes Birth Defect Foundation/California, Department of Health Services, California Birth Defects Monitoring Program, Berkeley, United States
Cecile Laurent - March of Dimes Birth Defect Foundation/California, Department of Health Services, California Birth Defects Monitoring Program, Berkeley, United States
Mary S Croughan - Departments of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, and Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, United States
Richard S Olney - National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Ga, United States
Edward J Lammer - Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, Calif, United States
National Birth Defects Prevention Study
Contributors: Paul A Romitti (Contributor) - University of Iowa, Epidemiology
Resource Type: Journal article
Publication Details: Archives of pediatrics & adolescent medicine, Vol.159(10), pp.957-962
DOI: 10.1001/archpedi.159.10.957
PMID: 16203941
NLM abbreviation: Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med
ISSN: 1072-4710
eISSN: 1538-3628
Publisher: American Medical Association
Language: English
Date published: 2005
Academic Unit: Epidemiology; Biostatistics
Record Identifier: 9984214839402771

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