Journal article
Maternal use of cough medications during early pregnancy and selected birth defects: a US multisite, case–control study
BMJ open, Vol.11(12), p.e053604
12/2021
DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-053604
PMCID: PMC8718348
Abstract
ObjectiveTo examine associations between maternal use of cough medications containing dextromethorphan (DM) without guaifenesin (glyceryl guaiacolate (GG)) (‘DM alone’), GG without DM (‘GG alone’) or DM +GG and major birth defects in offspring.DesignPopulation-based case–control study.SettingThe multisite, US National Birth Defects Prevention Study.ParticipantsMothers of 1644 children with neural tube defects (NTDs), 15 110 with non-NTDs, and 10 671 control children without a birth defect diagnosis.Main outcome measuresORs and 95% CIs.ResultsFor NTD analysis, 1.7% of mothers of case children and 1.2% of mothers of control children reported using DM alone, 1.1% and 0.6% GG alone, and 0.4% and 0.2% DM +GG. Respective percentages for non-NTD analysis were 2.2% and 1.9% for DM alone, 1.7% and 1.6% for GG alone, and 0.5% and 0.4% for DM +GG. For all NTDs and subtypes, adjusted OR estimates for DM alone were near the null with 95% CIs that included 1.0. Estimates (95% CI) were 1.8 (1.0 to 3.3) for GG alone and 1.8 (0.6 to 4.8) for DM +GG with all NTDs and 2.2 (1.1 to 4.3) for GG alone with spina bifida. Of the 45 adjusted OR estimates for non-NTDs, 39 ranged from 0.5 to 1.6 with 95% CIs that included 1.0. Near twofold or higher estimates (95% CI) were observed for the remainder and included 1.9 (1.0 to 3.7) for hydrocephalus, 2.9 (1.3 to 6.5) for atrioventricular septal defect and 1.8 (1.1 to 3.0) for transverse limb deficiency with DM alone; 2.1 (1.1 to 4.0) for small intestinal atresia/stenosis and 2.1 (0.9 to 4.5) for omphalocele with GG alone; and 3.2 (1.5 to 6.9) for gastroschisis with DM +GG.ConclusionsMaternal use of medications containing DM alone, GG alone or DM +GG showed positive associations with a small number of birth defects. These observations, which should be interpreted with caution due to small proportions of exposed mothers, may represent true signals or chance findings and warrant evaluation in future studies.
Details
- Title: Subtitle
- Maternal use of cough medications during early pregnancy and selected birth defects: a US multisite, case–control study
- Creators
- Yanyan CaoAnthony RhoadsTrudy BurnsRyan M CarnahanKristin M ConwayMartha M WerlerAllen MitchellPaul Romitti
- Resource Type
- Journal article
- Publication Details
- BMJ open, Vol.11(12), p.e053604
- DOI
- 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-053604
- PMCID
- PMC8718348
- ISSN
- 2044-6055
- eISSN
- 2044-6055
- Grant note
- name: USA Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, award: NOFO #DD18-001, PA #96043, PA #02081, FOA #DD09-001, FOA #DD13-003, U01 DD001035 and U01 DD001223
- Language
- English
- Date published
- 12/2021
- Academic Unit
- Epidemiology; Biostatistics; Nursing; Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center; Injury Prevention Research Center
- Record Identifier
- 9984216740902771
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