Journal article
Mechanisms underlying sex differences in autoimmunity
The Journal of clinical investigation, Vol.134(18), e180076
09/17/2024
DOI: 10.1172/JCI180076
PMCID: PMC11405048
PMID: 39286970
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases are a leading cause of disability worldwide. Most autoimmune diseases occur more often in women than men, with rheumatic autoimmune diseases being among those most highly expressed in women. Several key factors, identified mainly in animal models and cell culture experiments, are important in increasing autoimmune disease in females. These include sex hormones, immune genes including those found on the X chromosome, sex-specific epigenetic effects on genes by estrogen and the environment, and regulation of genes and messenger RNA by microRNAs found in extracellular vesicles. Evidence is also emerging that viruses as well as drugs or toxins that damage mitochondria may contribute to increased levels of autoantibodies against nuclear and mitochondrial antigens, which are common in many autoimmune diseases. The purpose of this Review is to summarize our current understanding of mechanisms that may determine sex differences in autoimmune disease.
Details
- Title: Subtitle
- Mechanisms underlying sex differences in autoimmunity
- Creators
- DeLisa Fairweather - Mayo Clinic in FloridaDanielle J. Beetler - Mayo Clinic in FloridaElizabeth J. McCabe - Mayo Clinic in FloridaScott M. Lieberman - University of Iowa
- Resource Type
- Journal article
- Publication Details
- The Journal of clinical investigation, Vol.134(18), e180076
- DOI
- 10.1172/JCI180076
- PMID
- 39286970
- PMCID
- PMC11405048
- NLM abbreviation
- J Clin Invest
- ISSN
- 0021-9738
- eISSN
- 1558-8238
- Publisher
- American Society for Clinical Investigation
- Grant note
- NIH, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute: R01 HL164520 National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases: R21 AI152318, R21 AI145356, R21 AI154927 National Eye Institute: R01 EY027731 National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research: R01 DE032328 American Heart Association (AHA): 20TPA35490415
This work is supported in part by the NIH, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, under award R01 HL164520 (DF) ; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, R21 AI152318, R21 AI145356, and R21 AI154927 (DF) ; National Eye Institute, R01 EY027731 (SML) ; National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, R01 DE032328 (SML) ; and the American Heart Association (AHA) , award 20TPA35490415 (DF) . The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the funding agencies.
- Language
- English
- Date published
- 09/17/2024
- Academic Unit
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics; Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology
- Record Identifier
- 9984704830102771
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