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Metabolomics Biomarkers for Fatty Acid Intake and Biomarker-Calibrated Fatty Acid Associations with Chronic Disease Risk in Postmenopausal Women1
Journal article   Open access   Peer reviewed

Metabolomics Biomarkers for Fatty Acid Intake and Biomarker-Calibrated Fatty Acid Associations with Chronic Disease Risk in Postmenopausal Women1

Ross L. Prentice, Sowmya Vasan, Lesley F. Tinker, Marian L. Neuhouser, Sandi L. Navarro, Daniel Raftery, G.A. Nagana Gowda, Mary Pettinger, Aaron K. Aragaki, Johanna W. Lampe, …
The Journal of nutrition, Vol.153(9), pp.2663-2677
09/2023
DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.05.003
PMCID: PMC10550839
PMID: 37178978
url
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10550839/pdf/main.pdfView
Open Access

Abstract

A substantial observational literature relating specific fatty acid classes to chronic disease risk may be limited by its reliance on self-reported dietary data. We aimed to develop biomarkers for saturated (SFA), monounsaturated (MFA) and polyunsaturated (PFA) fatty acid densities, and to study their associations with cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancer, and type 2 diabetes (T2D) in Women’s Health Initiative (WHI) cohorts. Biomarker equations were based primarily on serum and urine metabolomics profiles from an embedded WHI human feeding study (n=153). Calibration equations were based on biomarker values in a WHI nutritional biomarker study (n=436). Calibrated intakes were assessed in relation to disease incidence in larger WHI cohorts (n=81,894). Participants were postmenopausal women, aged 50-79 when enrolled at 40 U.S. Clinical Centers (1993-1998), with a follow-up period of about 20 years. Biomarker equations meeting criteria were developed for SFA, MFA, and PFA densities. That for SFA density depended somewhat weakly on metabolite profiles. Based on our metabolomics platforms, biomarkers were insensitive to trans fatty acid (TFA) intake. Calibration equations meeting criteria were developed for SFA and PFA density, but not for MFA density. With or without biomarker calibration SFA density was associated positively with the risk of CVD, cancer and T2D, but with small hazard ratios, and CVD associations were not statistically significant after controlling for other dietary variables, including TFA and fiber intake. Following this same control PFA density was not significantly associated with CVD risk, but there were positive associations for some cancers and T2D, with or without biomarker calibration. Higher SFA and PFA diets were associated with null or somewhat higher risk for clinical outcomes considered in this population of postmenopausal U.S. women. Further research is needed to develop even stronger biomarkers for these fatty acid densities and their major components. This study is registered with clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT00000611.
Cardiovascular Disease biomarker cancer metabolomics monounsaturated fatty acids polyunsaturated fatty acids saturated fatty acids type 2 diabetes

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