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Missense mutations in COL8A2, the gene encoding the alpha2 chain of type VIII collagen, cause two forms of corneal endothelial dystrophy
Journal article   Open access   Peer reviewed

Missense mutations in COL8A2, the gene encoding the alpha2 chain of type VIII collagen, cause two forms of corneal endothelial dystrophy

Susmito Biswas, Francis L Munier, Jill Yardley, Niki Hart-Holden, Rahat Perveen, Pascal Cousin, John E Sutphin, Bruce Noble, Mark Batterbury, Cay Kielty, …
Human molecular genetics, Vol.10(21), pp.2415-2423
10/01/2001
DOI: 10.1093/hmg/10.21.2415
PMID: 11689488
url
https://doi.org/10.1093/hmg/10.21.2415View
Published (Version of record) Open Access

Abstract

Corneal clarity is maintained by its endothelium, which functions abnormally in the endothelial dystrophies, leading to corneal opacification. This group of conditions includes Fuchs' endothelial dystrophy of the cornea (FECD), one of the commonest indications for corneal transplantation performed in developed countries, posterior polymorphous dystrophy (PPCD) and the congenital hereditary endothelial dystrophies (CHED). A genome-wide search of a three-generation family with early-onset FECD demonstrated significant linkage with D1S2830 (Z(max) = 3.72, theta = 0.0). Refinement of the critical region defined a 6-7 cM interval of chromosome 1p34.3-p32 within which lies the COL8A2 gene. This encodes the 703 amino acid alpha2 chain of type VIII collagen, a short-chain collagen which is a component of endothelial basement membranes and which represented a strong candidate gene. Analysis of its coding sequence defined a missense mutation (gln455lys) within the triple helical domain of the protein in this family. Mutation analysis in patients with FECD and PPCD demonstrated further missense substitutions in familial and sporadic cases of FECD as well as in a single family with PPCD. This is the first description of the molecular basis of any of the corneal endothelial dystrophies or of mutations in type VIII collagen in association with human disease. This suggests that the underlying pathogenesis of FECD and PPCD may be related to disturbance of the role of type VIII collagen in influencing the terminal differentiation of the neural crest derived corneal endothelial cell.
 Haplotypes Humans Corneal Dystrophies, Hereditary - genetics Genes - genetics Molecular Sequence Data Family Health Male Endothelium, Corneal - pathology Mutation, Missense Fuchs' Endothelial Dystrophy - pathology Corneal Dystrophies, Hereditary - pathology Base Sequence Female Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1 - genetics Microsatellite Repeats Amino Acid Sequence Fuchs' Endothelial Dystrophy - genetics Chromosome Mapping Endothelium, Corneal - ultrastructure Microscopy, Electron Sequence Analysis, DNA DNA - genetics DNA - chemistry Pedigree Collagen Type VIII - genetics

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