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Mitochondria-Lysosome Related Organelles Mediate Mitochondrial Clearance During Cellular Dedifferentiation
Journal article   Open access   Peer reviewed

Mitochondria-Lysosome Related Organelles Mediate Mitochondrial Clearance During Cellular Dedifferentiation

Xiaowen Ma, Sharon Manley, Hui Qian, Yuan Li, Chen Zhang, Kevin Li, Benjamin Ding, Fengli Guo, Allen Chen, Xing Zhang, …
Cell reports (Cambridge), Vol.42(10), 113291
10/01/2023
DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113291
PMCID: PMC10842364
PMID: 37862166
url
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113291View
Published (Version of record) Open Access

Abstract

Dysfunctional mitochondria are removed via multiple pathways such as mitophagy, a selective autophagy process. Here, we identify an intracellular hybrid mitochondria-lysosome organelle (termed the mitochondria-lysosome related organelle, MLRO) which regulates mitochondrial homeostasis independent of canonical mitophagy during hepatocyte dedifferentiation. MLRO is an electron dense organelle that has either a single or double membrane with both mitochondria and lysosome markers. Mechanistically, MLRO is likely formed from the fusion of mitochondria derived vesicles (MDVs) with lysosomes through a PARKIN, ATG5, and DRP1-independent process, which is negatively regulated by transcription factor EB (TFEB) and associated with mitochondrial protein degradation and hepatocyte dedifferentiation. MLRO, which is galectin 3 positive, is reminiscent of damaged lysosome and could be cleared by overexpression of TFEB resulting in attenuation of hepatocyte dedifferentiation. Together, results from this study suggest that MLRO may act as an alternative mechanism for mitochondrial quality control independent of canonical autophagy/mitophagy involved in cell dedifferentiation. [Display omitted] •Dedifferentiated hepatocyte induces mitochondria-lysosome related organelle (MLRO).•MLRO is a hybrid organelle formed by lysosomes fuse with mitochondria derived vesicles.•MLRO is independent of autophagy/mitophagy machinery and negatively regulated by TFEB. Hepatocyte dedifferentiation is a common feature for chronic liver diseases such as alcohol-associate hepatitis and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis. Ma et al reported that hepatocyte dedifferentiation is associated with MLRO induction that can be reversed by TFEB-mediated removal of leaky lysosomes.
ATG5 Autophagy DRP1 Hepatocytes Lysosome Mitophagy

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