Mitophagy: An Emerging Target in Ocular Pathology

Jessica M. Skeie; Darryl Y. Nishimura; Cheryl L. Wang; Gregory A. Schmidt; Benjamin T. Aldrich; Mark A. Greiner

doi:10.1167/iovs.62.3.22

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Mitophagy: An Emerging Target in Ocular Pathology

Journal article

Open access

Peer reviewed

Mitophagy: An Emerging Target in Ocular Pathology

Jessica M. Skeie, Darryl Y. Nishimura, Cheryl L. Wang, Gregory A. Schmidt, Benjamin T. Aldrich and Mark A. Greiner

Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, Vol.62(3), pp.22-22

03/01/2021

DOI: 10.1167/iovs.62.3.22

PMCID: PMC7980050

PMID: 33724294

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Abstract

Mitochondrial function is essential for the viability of aerobic eukaryotic cells, as mitochondria provide energy through the generation of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), regulate cellular metabolism, provide redox balancing, participate in immune signaling, and can initiate apoptosis. Mitochondria are dynamic organelles that participate in a cyclical and ongoing process of regeneration and autophagy (clearance), termed mitophagy specifically for mitochondrial (macro)autophagy. An imbalance in mitochondrial function toward mitochondrial dysfunction can be catastrophic for cells and has been characterized in several common ophthalmic diseases. In this article, we review mitochondrial homeostasis in detail, focusing on the balance of mitochondrial dynamics including the processes of fission and fusion, and provide a description of the mechanisms involved in mitophagy. Furthermore, this article reviews investigations of ocular diseases with impaired mitophagy, including Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy, primary open-angle glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, and age-related macular degeneration, as well as several primary mitochondrial diseases with ocular phenotypes that display impaired mitophagy, including mitochondrial encephalopathy lactic acidosis stroke, Leber hereditary optic neuropathy, and chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia. The results of various studies using cell culture, animal, and human tissue models are presented and reflect a growing awareness of mitophagy impairment as an important feature of ophthalmic disease pathology. As this review indicates, it is imperative that mitophagy be investigated as a targetable mechanism in developing therapies for ocular diseases characterized by oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction.

Ophthalmology

Life Sciences & Biomedicine

Science & Technology

Details

Title: Subtitle: Mitophagy: An Emerging Target in Ocular Pathology
Creators: Jessica M. Skeie - University of Iowa
Darryl Y. Nishimura - University of Iowa
Cheryl L. Wang - University of Iowa
Gregory A. Schmidt - Lions Eye Bank (Coralville)
Benjamin T. Aldrich - University of Iowa
Mark A. Greiner - University of Iowa
Resource Type: Journal article
Publication Details: Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, Vol.62(3), pp.22-22
DOI: 10.1167/iovs.62.3.22
PMID: 33724294
PMCID: PMC7980050
NLM abbreviation: Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci
ISSN: 0146-0404
eISSN: 1552-5783
Publisher: Assoc Research Vision Ophthalmology Inc
Number of pages: 18
Grant note: M.D. Wagoner & M.A. Greiner Cornea Excellence Fund Beulah and Florence Usher Chair in Cornea/External Disease and Refractive Surgery UIHC Cornea Research Fund
Language: English
Date published: 03/01/2021
Academic Unit: Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics; Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences
Record Identifier: 9984627242802771

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