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Modulating Ca2+ clearance from neurons
Journal article

Modulating Ca2+ clearance from neurons

Stanley A Thayer, Yuriy M Usachev and William J Pottorf
Frontiers in bioscience, Vol.7(1-3), pp.d1255-D1279
05/01/2002
DOI: 10.2741/thayer
PMID: 11991858

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Abstract

Neurons are exquisitely sensitive to the duration, amplitude and localization of transient increases in intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i). Modulation of Ca2+ uptake into the mitochondrion and endoplasmic reticulum, and efflux via the plasma membrane Ca2+ pump and Na+/Ca2+ exchange profoundly affect the shape of [Ca2+]i signals. Ca2+ clearance mechanisms are modulated by other signaling pathways, are sensitive to metabolic state and have a memory of the recent history of cell activation. We present here examples of pharmacologic and endogenous regulation of Ca2+ sequestration and efflux in neurons. Ca2+ clearance mechanisms differentially shape [Ca2+]i signals based on their affinity, capacity and location; their modulation alters specific neuronal functions. The increasingly apparent diversity of the molecular entities that make up the [Ca2+]i regulatory system reveals new sites for modulation. Specialized Ca2+ clearance mechanisms participate in unique cellular functions and thus, are important targets for pharmacological and physiological regulation of the neuron.
Calcium-Binding Proteins - metabolism Animals Calcium - metabolism Sodium-Calcium Exchanger - metabolism Humans Endoplasmic Reticulum - metabolism Calcium-Transporting ATPases - metabolism Mitochondria - metabolism Neurons - metabolism

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