Journal article
Monitoring alpha-cypermethrin susceptibility of Phlebotomus argentipes, the vector of visceral leishmaniasis in India, using the CDC bottle bioassay
Parasites & vectors, Vol.17(1), 503
12/05/2024
DOI: 10.1186/s13071-024-06579-w
PMCID: PMC11622483
PMID: 39639391
Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL), known as Kala-azar on the Indian subcontinent, is a parasitic disease caused by the flagellated protozoa Leishmania donovani and can be fatal if left untreated. The sand fly Phlebotomus argentipes is the only proven vector of VL in the Southeast Asia region, and VL control in this region has relied on the use of synthetic insecticides for indoor residual spraying (IRS). The use of DDT in VL control programmes has led to the development of resistance to this insecticide in sand flies, resulting in DDT being replaced with the insecticide alpha-cypermethrin. However, alpha-cypermethrin has a similar mode of action as DDT and, therefore, the risk of resistance development in sand flies increases under the pressure of regular exposure to this insecticide. In the present study we assessed the susceptibility status of wild-caught sand flies and F1 progeny using the CDC bottle bioassay.
Sand flies were collected from 10 villages in Muzaffarpur District, Bihar, India. Eight of these villages are receiving continuous IRS with alpha-cypermethrin, one village had discontinued IRS with alpha-cypermethrin and one village had never received IRS with alpha-cypermethrin. The collected sand flies were exposed to a pre-determined diagnostic dose for a specific time duration (3 µg/ml for 40 min), and knockdown and mortality at 24 h post-exposure were recorded.
Knockdown ranged from 91.19% to 99.47% for wild-caught sand flies and from 91.70% to 98.89% for their F1 progeny. At 24 h post-exposure, mortality ranged from 89.34% to 98.93% for wild-caught sand flies and from 90.16% to 98.33% for F1 progeny.
The results of this study showed that P. argentipes is potentially developing resistance, signalling the need for continuous monitoring and vigilance to sustain the validation of elimination once achieved.
Details
- Title: Subtitle
- Monitoring alpha-cypermethrin susceptibility of Phlebotomus argentipes, the vector of visceral leishmaniasis in India, using the CDC bottle bioassay
- Creators
- Rahul Chaubey - Kala-Azar Medical Research CentreAshish Shukla - Banaras Hindu UniversityAnurag Kumar Kushwaha - Banaras Hindu UniversityShakti Kumar SinghOm Prakash Singh - Banaras Hindu UniversityRajiv Kumar - Banaras Hindu UniversityPhillip Lawyer - Brigham Young UniversityEdgar Rowton - Walter Reed Army Institute of ResearchChristine A Petersen - University of IowaScott A Bernhardt - Utah State UniversityShyam Sundar - Kala-Azar Medical Research Centre
- Resource Type
- Journal article
- Publication Details
- Parasites & vectors, Vol.17(1), 503
- DOI
- 10.1186/s13071-024-06579-w
- PMID
- 39639391
- PMCID
- PMC11622483
- NLM abbreviation
- Parasit Vectors
- ISSN
- 1756-3305
- eISSN
- 1756-3305
- Publisher
- BMC
- Grant note
- TMRC U19AI074321 / NIH HHS ICMR DDR/IIRP-2023-3774 (P-14/0796) / Indian Council of Medical Research Institute of Eminence (IoE) Seed and Incentive grant / Banaras Hindu University U19 AI074321 / NIAID NIH HHS
- Language
- English
- Date published
- 12/05/2024
- Academic Unit
- Epidemiology
- Record Identifier
- 9984757276802771
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