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Monoclonal and polyclonal serum free light chains and clinical outcome in chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Journal article   Open access   Peer reviewed

Monoclonal and polyclonal serum free light chains and clinical outcome in chronic lymphocytic leukemia

Matthew J Maurer, James R Cerhan, Jerry A Katzmann, Brian K Link, Cristine Allmer, Clive S Zent, Timothy G Call, Kari G Rabe, Curtis A Hanson, Neil E Kay, …
Blood, Vol.118(10), pp.2821-2826
09/08/2011
DOI: 10.1182/blood-2011-04-349134
PMCID: PMC3172798
PMID: 21765023
url
https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2011-04-349134View
Published (Version of record) Open Access

Abstract

Free light chains (FLCs) are the most commonly detected paraproteins in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). We examined the types of FLC abnormalities and prognostic utility of the FLC assay compared with standard prognostic biomarkers in a prospective cohort of 339 patients with newly diagnosed CLL. Three types of FLC abnormalities were identified: monoclonal elevated FLC (elevated κ and/or λ with abnormal FLC ratio), polyclonal elevated FLC (elevated κ and/or λ with normal FLC ratio), and ratio-only FLC abnormality (normal range κ and λ with abnormal FLC ratio). One hundred sixty-five patients (49%) had a FLC abnormality with approximately equal distribution among monoclonal elevation, polyclonal elevation, and ratio-only abnormality. All FLC abnormalities were associated with poor time to first treatment: monoclonal FLC (hazard ratio [HR], 4.99; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.94-8.48), polyclonal FLC (HR, 2.40; 95% CI, 1.24-4.64), ratio-only FLC (HR, 2.57; 95% CI, 1.40-4.69). Monoclonal FLC and polyclonal FLC were associated with poor overall survival compared with patients with normal FLC. Results remained significant after adjusting for Rai stage. The FLC assay is a simple, widely available clinical test with similar prognostic utility as routinely used prognostic biomarkers for CLL. Among persons with FLC abnormalities, the type of abnormality affects prognostic significance.
Lymphoid Neoplasia Clinical Trials and Observations

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