Multiple sclerosis patients have an altered gut mycobiome and increased fungal to bacterial richness

Meeta Yadav; Soham Ali; Rachel L Shrode; Shailesh K Shahi; Samantha N Jensen; Jemmie Hoang; Samuel Cassidy; Heena Olalde; Natalya Guseva; Mishelle Paullus; Catherine Cherwin; Kai Wang; Tracey Cho; John Kamholz; Ashutosh K Mangalam

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0264556

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Multiple sclerosis patients have an altered gut mycobiome and increased fungal to bacterial richness

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Multiple sclerosis patients have an altered gut mycobiome and increased fungal to bacterial richness

Meeta Yadav, Soham Ali, Rachel L Shrode, Shailesh K Shahi, Samantha N Jensen, Jemmie Hoang, Samuel Cassidy, Heena Olalde, Natalya Guseva, Mishelle Paullus, …

PloS one, Vol.17(4), p.e0264556

04/01/2022

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264556

PMCID: PMC9041819

PMID: 35472144

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Abstract

Trillions of microbes such as bacteria, fungi, and viruses exist in the healthy human gut microbiome. Although gut bacterial dysbiosis has been extensively studied in multiple sclerosis (MS), the significance of the fungal microbiome (mycobiome) is an understudied and neglected part of the intestinal microbiome in MS. The aim of this study was to characterize the gut mycobiome of patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS), compare it to healthy controls, and examine its association with changes in the bacterial microbiome. We characterized and compared the mycobiome of 20 RRMS patients and 33 healthy controls (HC) using Internal Transcribed Spacer 2 (ITS2) and compared mycobiome interactions with the bacterial microbiome using 16S rRNA sequencing. Our results demonstrate an altered mycobiome in RRMS patients compared with HC. RRMS patients showed an increased abundance of Basidiomycota and decreased Ascomycota at the phylum level with an increased abundance of Candida and Epicoccum genera along with a decreased abundance of Saccharomyces compared to HC. We also observed an increased ITS2/16S ratio, altered fungal and bacterial associations, and altered fungal functional profiles in MS patients compared to HC. This study demonstrates that RRMS patients had a distinct mycobiome with associated changes in the bacterial microbiome compared to HC. There is an increased fungal to bacterial ratio as well as more diverse fungal-bacterial interactions in RRMS patients compared to HC. Our study is the first step towards future studies in delineating the mechanisms through which the fungal microbiome can influence MS disease.

Antibiotics

Bacteria

Digestive System

Disease

Gastrointestinal Surgery

Health Care

Immunology

Informatics

Multiple Sclerosis

Neurology

Pathogenesis

Pathology

Software

Abundance

Autoimmune diseases

Digestive tract

Dysbacteriosis

Fungi

Hospitals

Interdisciplinary aspects

Intestinal microflora

Laboratories

Medical schools

Medicine

Microbiomes

Microbiota

Neutrophils

Patients

rRNA 16S

Viruses

Details

Title: Subtitle: Multiple sclerosis patients have an altered gut mycobiome and increased fungal to bacterial richness
Creators: Meeta Yadav
Soham Ali
Rachel L Shrode
Shailesh K Shahi
Samantha N Jensen
Jemmie Hoang
Samuel Cassidy
Heena Olalde
Natalya Guseva
Mishelle Paullus
Catherine Cherwin
Kai Wang
Tracey Cho
John Kamholz
Ashutosh K Mangalam
Resource Type: Journal article
Publication Details: PloS one, Vol.17(4), p.e0264556
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264556
PMID: 35472144
PMCID: PMC9041819
NLM abbreviation: PLoS One
eISSN: 1932-6203
Publisher: Public Library of Science
Grant note: name: Departmental Startup fund, NIH R01, award: 1R01AI137075-01; name: VA Merit Award, award: 1I01CX002212; name: NRSA T90, award: 5T90DE023520; name: Schwab Foundation Margaret Heppelmann and Michael Wacek; name: University of Iowa's Informatics Fellowship from the Informatics Graduate Program; name: Emory Warner Medical Student Research Fellowship from the University of Iowa Department of Pathology
Language: English
Date published: 04/01/2022
Academic Unit: Neurology; Psychiatry; Pathology; Iowa Neuroscience Institute; Biostatistics; Nursing; Dental Research
Record Identifier: 9984251445902771

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