Journal article
NEUROCIRCUITRY UNDERLYING RISK AND RESILIENCE TO SOCIAL ANXIETY DISORDER
Depression and anxiety, Vol.31(10), pp.822-833
10/2014
DOI: 10.1002/da.22265
PMCID: PMC4314099
PMID: 24753211
Abstract
BackgroundAlmost half of children with an inhibited temperament will develop social anxiety disorder by late adolescence. Importantly, this means that half of children with an inhibited temperament will not develop social anxiety disorder. Studying adults with an inhibited temperament provides a unique opportunity to identify neural signatures of both risk and resilience to social anxiety disorder.
MethodsFunctional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to measure brain activation during the anticipation of viewing fear faces in 34 young adults (17 inhibited, 17 uninhibited). To identify neural signatures of risk, we tested for group differences in functional activation and connectivity in regions implicated in social anxiety disorder, including the prefrontal cortex, amygdala, and insula. To identify neural signatures of resilience, we tested for correlations between brain activation and both emotion regulation and social anxiety scores.
ResultsInhibited subjects had greater activation of a prefrontal network when anticipating viewing fear faces, relative to uninhibited subjects. No group differences were identified in the amygdala. Inhibited subjects had more negative connectivity between the rostral anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and the bilateral amygdala. Within the inhibited group, those with fewer social anxiety symptoms and better emotion regulation skills had greater ACC activation and greater functional connectivity between the ACC and amygdala.
ConclusionsThese findings suggest that engaging regulatory prefrontal regions during anticipation may be a protective factor, or putative neural marker of resilience, in high-risk individuals. Cognitive training targeting prefrontal cortex function may provide protection against anxiety, especially in high-risk individuals, such as those with inhibited temperament.
Details
- Title: Subtitle
- NEUROCIRCUITRY UNDERLYING RISK AND RESILIENCE TO SOCIAL ANXIETY DISORDER
- Creators
- Jacqueline A. Clauss - Vanderbilt UniversitySuzanne N. Avery - Vanderbilt UniversityRoss M. VanDerKlok - Vanderbilt UniversityBaxter P. Rogers - Vanderbilt UniversityRonald L. Cowan - Vanderbilt UniversityMargaret M. Benningfield - Vanderbilt UniversityJennifer Urbano Blackford - Vanderbilt University
- Resource Type
- Journal article
- Publication Details
- Depression and anxiety, Vol.31(10), pp.822-833
- DOI
- 10.1002/da.22265
- PMID
- 24753211
- PMCID
- PMC4314099
- NLM abbreviation
- Depress Anxiety
- ISSN
- 1091-4269
- eISSN
- 1520-6394
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Number of pages
- 12
- Grant note
- K01-MH083052; F30-MH097344; T32-MH018921 / National Institute of Mental Health; United States Department of Health & Human Services; National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA; NIH National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) UL1-RR024975 / Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (NCRR); Vanderbilt University K12-DA000357; R21-DA031441; R21-DA033341 / National Institute on Drug Abuse; United States Department of Health & Human Services; National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA; NIH National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science; Vanderbilt University 2-UL1-TR000445-06 / National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences; United States Department of Health & Human Services; National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA; NIH National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS) T32-GM07347 / Vanderbilt Medical Scientist Training Program (NIGMS); Vanderbilt University TL1-RR024978 / Vanderbilt Medical Scholars Program (NIH); Vanderbilt University R21-HD053766 / Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; United States Department of Health & Human Services; National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA; NIH Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development (NICHD)
- Language
- English
- Date published
- 10/2014
- Academic Unit
- Psychiatry
- Record Identifier
- 9985222825302771
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