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Neurocardiology: Major mechanisms and effects
Journal article   Open access   Peer reviewed

Neurocardiology: Major mechanisms and effects

Cees A. Swenne and Vladimir Shusterman
Journal of electrocardiology, Vol.88, 153836
01/2025
DOI: 10.1016/j.jelectrocard.2024.153836
PMID: 39674129
url
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelectrocard.2024.153836View
Published (Version of record) Open Access

Abstract

Neurocardiology is a broad interdisciplinary specialty investigating how the cardiovascular and nervous systems interact. In this brief introductory review, we describe several key aspects of this interaction with specific attention to cardiovascular effects. The review introduces basic anatomy and discusses physiological mechanisms and effects that play crucial roles in the interaction of the cardiovascular and nervous systems, namely: the cardiac neuraxis, the taxonomy of the nervous system, integration of sensory input in the brainstem, influences of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) on heart and vasculature, the neural pathways and functioning of the arterial baroreflex, receptors and ANS effects in the walls of blood vessels, receptors and ANS effects in excitable cells in the heart, ANS effects on heart rate and sympathovagal balance, endo-epicardial inhomogeneity, ANS effects with a balanced vagal and sympathetic stimulation, sympathovagal interaction, arterial baroreflex, baroreflex sensitivity and heart rate variability, arrhythmias and the arterial baroreflex, the cardiopulonary baroreflex, the exercise pressor reflex, exercise-recovery hysteresis, mental stress, cardiac-cardiac reflexes, the cardiac sympathetic afferent reflex (CSAR), and neuromodulation. Also, the potential role of the discussed mechanisms in cardiovascular disorders will be touched upon.
 Arrhtyhmia Autonomic nervous system Electrocardiogram Heart rate variability Neurocardiology

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