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Neurodegenerative and inflammatory pathway components linked to TNF-α/TNFR1 signaling in the glaucomatous human retina
Journal article   Open access   Peer reviewed

Neurodegenerative and inflammatory pathway components linked to TNF-α/TNFR1 signaling in the glaucomatous human retina

Xiangjun Yang, Cheng Luo, Jian Cai, David W Powell, Dahai Yu, Markus H Kuehn and Gülgün Tezel
Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, Vol.52(11), pp.8442-8454
10/31/2011
DOI: 10.1167/iovs.11-8152
PMCID: PMC3208177
PMID: 21917936
url
https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.11-8152View
Published (Version of record) Open Access

Abstract

This study aimed to determine retinal proteomic alterations in human glaucoma, with particular focus on links to TNF-α/TNFR1 signaling. Human retinal protein samples were obtained from 20 donors with (n = 10) or without (n = 10) glaucoma. Alterations in protein expression were individually analyzed by quantitative LC-MS/MS. Quantitative Western blot analysis with cleavage or phosphorylation site-specific antibodies was used for data validation, and cellular localization of selected proteins was determined by immunohistochemical analysis of the retina in an additional group of glaucomatous human donor eyes (n = 38) and nonglaucomatous controls (n = 30). Upregulated retinal proteins in human glaucoma included a number of downstream adaptor/interacting proteins and protein kinases involved in TNF-α/TNFR1 signaling. Bioinformatic analysis of the high-throughput data established extended networks of diverse functional interactions with death-promoting and survival-promoting pathways and mediation of immune response. Upregulated pathways included death receptor-mediated caspase cascade, mitochondrial dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum stress, calpains leading to apoptotic cell death, NF-κB and JAK/STAT pathways, and inflammasome-assembly mediating inflammation. Interestingly, retinal expression pattern of a regulator molecule, TNFAIP3, exhibited prominent variability between individual samples, and methylation of cytosine nucleotides in the TNFAIP3 promoter was found to be correlated with this variability among glaucomatous donors. Findings of this study reveal a number of proteins upregulated in the glaucomatous human retina that exhibit many links to TNF-α/TNFR1 signaling. By highlighting various signaling molecules and regulators involved in cell death and immune response pathways and by correlating proteomic findings with epigenetic alterations, these findings provide a framework motivating further research.
Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha - metabolism Up-Regulation Retina - metabolism Humans STAT Transcription Factors - metabolism NF-kappa B - metabolism Janus Kinases - metabolism Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I - metabolism Nerve Degeneration - metabolism Receptors, Death Domain - metabolism Tandem Mass Spectrometry DNA Methylation Caspases - metabolism Optic Nerve Diseases - metabolism Aged, 80 and over Chromatography, Liquid Glaucoma - metabolism Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect Computational Biology DNA Primers Blotting, Western Eye Proteins - metabolism Proteomics Signal Transduction - physiology Aged Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide

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