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Neurodevelopmental Outcomes of Preterm Infants With Retinopathy of Prematurity by Treatment
Journal article   Open access   Peer reviewed

Neurodevelopmental Outcomes of Preterm Infants With Retinopathy of Prematurity by Treatment

Girija Natarajan, Seetha Shankaran, Tracy L Nolen, Amaanti Sridhar, Kathleen A Kennedy, Susan R Hintz, Dale L Phelps, Sara B DeMauro, Waldemar A Carlo, Marie G Gantz, …
Pediatrics (Evanston), Vol.144(2), e20183537
08/2019
DOI: 10.1542/peds.2018-3537
PMCID: PMC6855825
PMID: 31337693
url
https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2018-3537View
Published (Version of record) Open Access

Abstract

Among extremely preterm infants, we evaluated whether bevacizumab therapy compared with surgery for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is associated with adverse outcomes in early childhood. This study was a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data on preterm (22-26 + 6/7 weeks' gestational age) infants admitted to the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network centers who received bevacizumab or surgery exclusively for ROP. The primary outcome was death or severe neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI) at 18 to 26 months' corrected age (Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition cognitive or motor composite score <70, Gross Motor Functional Classification Scale level ≥2, bilateral blindness or hearing impairment). The cohort ( = 405; 214 [53%] boys; median [interquartile range] gestational age: 24.6 [23.9-25.3] weeks) included 181 (45%) infants who received bevacizumab and 224 (55%) who underwent ROP surgery. Infants treated with bevacizumab had a lower median (interquartile range) birth weight (640 [541-709] vs 660 [572.5-750] g; = .02) and longer durations of conventional ventilation (35 [21-58] vs 33 [18-49] days; = .04) and supplemental oxygen (112 [94-120] vs 105 [84.5-120] days; = .01). Death or severe NDI (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.42; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.94 to 2.14) and severe NDI (aOR 1.14; 95% CI 0.76 to 1.70) did not differ between groups. Odds of death (aOR 2.54 [95% CI 1.42 to 4.55]; = .002), a cognitive score <85 (aOR 1.78 [95% CI 1.09 to 2.91]; = .02), and a Gross Motor Functional Classification Scale level ≥2 (aOR 1.73 [95% CI 1.04 to 2.88]; = .04) were significantly higher with bevacizumab therapy. In this multicenter cohort of preterm infants, ROP treatment modality was not associated with differences in death or NDI, but the bevacizumab group had higher mortality and poor cognitive outcomes in early childhood. These data reveal the need for a rigorous appraisal of ROP therapy.
Adult Angiogenesis Inhibitors - therapeutic use Bevacizumab - therapeutic use Child Development - drug effects Child Development - physiology Cohort Studies Female Humans Infant, Newborn Infant, Premature - growth & development Male Neurodevelopmental Disorders - mortality Neurodevelopmental Disorders - prevention & control Prospective Studies Retinopathy of Prematurity - drug therapy Retinopathy of Prematurity - mortality Retinopathy of Prematurity - surgery Retrospective Studies

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