Neuroprotection Against a Panel of Toxicants via a Novel Analog of the Natural Product Fraxinellone

Anna E Bartman; Michael A Garcia-Mares; Sarah E Preston; Mersad Raeisi; Clarence D Peiris; David B C Martin; Hans-Joachim Lehmler; Jonathan A Doorn

doi:10.1021/acs.chemrestox.5c00522

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Neuroprotection Against a Panel of Toxicants via a Novel Analog of the Natural Product Fraxinellone

Journal article

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Neuroprotection Against a Panel of Toxicants via a Novel Analog of the Natural Product Fraxinellone

Anna E Bartman, Michael A Garcia-Mares, Sarah E Preston, Mersad Raeisi, Clarence D Peiris, David B C Martin, Hans-Joachim Lehmler and Jonathan A Doorn

Chemical research in toxicology

04/22/2026

DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.5c00522

PMID: 42018735

Appears in UI Libraries Support Open Access

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Abstract

Humans are exposed to a myriad of environmental pollutants, with recent evidence indicating several of these toxicants serve as risk factors for neurodevelopmental disorders and neurodegenerative diseases. Given this, there is a need for both interventional and protective strategies; however, of concern, the mechanistic targets of these environmental pollutants are variable or unknown in some cases. A prior report indicated that analogs of the natural product fraxinellone act as potent NRF2 activators, mitigating excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and Glu toxicity in vitro. Using one of the most effective fraxinellone analogs (i.e., analog 2) for NRF2 activation identified, we sought to determine the range of protection, in vitro, against a panel of neurotoxicants with varying mechanisms for adverse effects, including 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), organochlorine pollutants, and a fungicide. The data for analog 2 were compared to those for a structurally similar but inactive analog (i.e., analog 1). The dose-response for each toxicant with PC12 and SH-SY5Y cell lines was determined. Interestingly, the fraxinellone analog provided significant protection against all agents screened: 6-OHDA, dieldrin, benomyl, PCB52 hydroxy and sulfate metabolites, and rotenone. The extent to which the fraxinellone analog mitigated toxicity varied for each toxicant. In all cases, pretreatment with analog 2 significantly decreased total cellular ROS production, and in addition, generation of mitochondrial ROS via rotenone was mitigated. Furthermore, analog 2 provides some degree of restoration of cell viability following rotenone insult. In summary, our data indicate that an analog of the natural product fraxinellone potently inhibited ROS production and toxicity, thereby protecting cells against a panel of agents with varying mechanisms from adverse outcomes.

Oxidative Stress

Anions

Peptides and proteins

Phenyls

Toxicity

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Details

Title: Subtitle: Neuroprotection Against a Panel of Toxicants via a Novel Analog of the Natural Product Fraxinellone
Creators: Anna E Bartman - University of Iowa
Michael A Garcia-Mares - University of Iowa
Sarah E Preston - University of Iowa
Mersad Raeisi - University of Iowa
Clarence D Peiris - University of Iowa
David B C Martin - University of Iowa
Hans-Joachim Lehmler - Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, 145 North Riverside Drive, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
Jonathan A Doorn - University of Iowa
Resource Type: Journal article
Publication Details: Chemical research in toxicology
DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.5c00522
PMID: 42018735
ISSN: 1520-5010
eISSN: 1520-5010
Publisher: American Chemical Society
Grant note: R35 GM138050 / NIGMS NIH HHS
Language: English
Electronic publication date: 04/22/2026
Academic Unit: Public Health Administration; Occupational and Environmental Health; Iowa Neuroscience Institute; Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics; Chemistry; Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry
Record Identifier: 9985157530802771

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