Neuropsychological performance and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder subtypes and symptom dimensions

Molly A Nikolas; Joel T Nigg

doi:10.1037/a0030685

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Neuropsychological performance and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder subtypes and symptom dimensions

Journal article

Peer reviewed

Neuropsychological performance and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder subtypes and symptom dimensions

Molly A Nikolas and Joel T Nigg

Neuropsychology, Vol.27(1), pp.107-120

01/2013

DOI: 10.1037/a0030685

PMCID: PMC3582377

PMID: 23148496

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https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3582377View

Open Access

Abstract

Characterization of clinical heterogeneity in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) remains controversial. Neuropsychological and cognitive studies provide one type of validation data, but too often have considered only a narrow range of functional domains. The current study examined ADHD subtype and presentation differences across a broad range of neurocognitive domains in a large clinically characterized, community-recruited sample of 498 youth (213 control, 107 ADHD-primarily inattentive [ADHD-PI], 137 ADHD-combined [ADHD-C]), ages 6-17 years. Domains assessed included inhibition, working memory, arousal, processing speed, response variability, and temporal information processing. Youth with ADHD-C performed worse than youth with ADHD-PI in all domains, consistent with a severity model. Performance among a subgroup with a "restrictive inattentive" presentation indicated potential deficits in processing speed relative to other ADHD-PI youth, but no other effects. When all measures were included in the same model, cognitive control (executive functions, working memory, and memory span), arousal, and response variability each provided uniquely incremental statistical prediction of specific symptom dimensions and of subtype/presentation, but temporal information processing and processing speed did not. Results suggest the potential to consolidate multiple neurocognitive theories of ADHD, and that such consolidation will apply across putative clinical subtypes or presentations.

Humans

Male

Reaction Time

Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity - classification

Factor Analysis, Statistical

Memory, Short-Term - physiology

Neuropsychological Tests

Cognition Disorders - diagnosis

Cognition Disorders - etiology

Adolescent

Arousal

Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity - complications

Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity - psychology

Female

Child

Executive Function

Inhibition (Psychology)

Details

Title: Subtitle: Neuropsychological performance and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder subtypes and symptom dimensions
Creators: Molly A Nikolas - Department of Psychology, University of Iowa, IA City, IA 52242, USA. molly-nikolas@uiowa.edu
Joel T Nigg
Resource Type: Journal article
Publication Details: Neuropsychology, Vol.27(1), pp.107-120
DOI: 10.1037/a0030685
PMID: 23148496
PMCID: PMC3582377
NLM abbreviation: Neuropsychology
ISSN: 0894-4105
eISSN: 1931-1559
Publisher: United States
Grant note: R37 MH059105 / NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH070004 / NIMH NIH HHS R01-MH070004-01A2 / NIMH NIH HHS
Language: English
Date published: 01/2013
Academic Unit: Psychological and Brain Sciences; Injury Prevention Research Center
Record Identifier: 9984002352102771

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