Journal article
Neurotoxicity in Preclinical Models of Occupational Exposure to Organophosphorus Compounds
Frontiers in neuroscience, Vol.10, pp.590-590
01/18/2017
DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00590
PMCID: PMC5241311
PMID: 28149268
Abstract
Organophosphorus (OPs) compounds are widely used as insecticides, plasticizers, and fuel additives. These compounds potently inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE), the enzyme that inactivates acetylcholine at neuronal synapses, and acute exposure to high OP levels can cause cholinergic crisis in humans and animals. Evidence further suggests that repeated exposure to lower OP levels insufficient to cause cholinergic crisis, frequently encountered in the occupational setting, also pose serious risks to people. For example, multiple epidemiological studies have identified associations between occupational OP exposure and neurodegenerative disease, psychiatric illness, and sensorimotor deficits. Rigorous scientific investigation of the basic science mechanisms underlying these epidemiological findings requires valid preclinical models in which tightly-regulated exposure paradigms can be correlated with neurotoxicity. Here, we review the experimental models of occupational OP exposure currently used in the field. We found that animal studies simulating occupational OP exposures do indeed show evidence of neurotoxicity, and that utilization of these models is helping illuminate the mechanisms underlying OP-induced neurological sequelae. Still, further work is necessary to evaluate exposure levels, protection methods, and treatment strategies, which taken together could serve to modify guidelines for improving workplace conditions globally.
Details
- Title: Subtitle
- Neurotoxicity in Preclinical Models of Occupational Exposure to Organophosphorus Compounds
- Creators
- Jaymie R Voorhees - Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology, University of Iowa Carver College of MedicineDiane S Rohlman - Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa College of Public HealthPamela J Lein - Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, DavisAndrew A Pieper - Weill Cornell Autism Research Program, Weill Cornell Medical College
- Resource Type
- Journal article
- Publication Details
- Frontiers in neuroscience, Vol.10, pp.590-590
- DOI
- 10.3389/fnins.2016.00590
- PMID
- 28149268
- PMCID
- PMC5241311
- NLM abbreviation
- Front Neurosci
- ISSN
- 1662-4548
- eISSN
- 1662-453X
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media S.A
- Grant note
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
- Language
- English
- Date published
- 01/18/2017
- Academic Unit
- Psychiatry; Occupational and Environmental Health; International Programs; Radiation Oncology; Injury Prevention Research Center
- Record Identifier
- 9983997446102771
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