Journal article
Neutralizing antibody immune correlates in COVAIL trial recipients of an mRNA second COVID-19 vaccine boost
Nature communications, Vol.16(1), 759
01/17/2025
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-55931-w
PMCID: PMC11748719
PMID: 39824819
Abstract
Neutralizing antibody titer has been a surrogate endpoint for guiding COVID-19 vaccine approval and use, although the pandemic’s evolution and the introduction of variant-adapted vaccine boosters raise questions as to this surrogate’s contemporary performance. For 985 recipients of an mRNA second bivalent or monovalent booster containing various Spike inserts [Prototype (Ancestral), Beta, Delta, and/or Omicron BA.1 or BA.4/5] in the COVAIL trial (NCT05289037), titers against 5 strains were assessed as correlates of risk of symptomatic COVID-19 (“COVID-19”) and as correlates of relative (Pfizer-BioNTech Omicron vs. Prototype) booster protection against COVID-19 over 6 months of follow-up during the BA.2-BA.5 Omicron-dominant period. Consistently across the Moderna and Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine platforms and across all variant Spike inserts assessed, both peak and exposure-proximal (“predicted-at-exposure”) titers correlated with lower Omicron COVID-19 risk in individuals previously infected with SARS-CoV-2, albeit significantly less so in naïve individuals [e.g., exposure-proximal hazard ratio per 10-fold increase in BA.1 titer 0.74 (95% CI 0.59, 0.94) for naïve vs. 0.41 (95% CI 0.23, 0.64) for non-naïve; interaction p = 0.013]. Neutralizing antibody titer was a strong inverse correlate of Omicron COVID-19 in non-naïve individuals and a weaker correlate in naïve individuals, posing questions about how prior infection alters the neutralization correlate.
Here the authors analyze data from COVAIL trial participants receiving an mRNA second COVID-19 vaccine boost and show that, while neutralizing antibody titer is correlated with Omicron COVID-19 risk, the correlation is weak in naïve individuals compared to previously infected ones.
_
Details
- Title: Subtitle
- Neutralizing antibody immune correlates in COVAIL trial recipients of an mRNA second COVID-19 vaccine boost
- Creators
- Bo Zhang - Fred Hutch Cancer CenterYouyi Fong - Fred Hutch Cancer CenterLauren Dang - National Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesJonathan Fintzi - National Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesShiyu Chen - Fred Hutch Cancer CenterJing Wang - Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer ResearchNadine G. Rouphael - Emory UniversityAngela R. Branche - University of RochesterDavid J. Diemert - George Washington UniversityAnn R. Falsey - University of RochesterDaniel S. Graciaa - HOPE ClinicLindsey R. Baden - Brigham and Women's HospitalSharon E. Frey - Saint Louis UniversityJennifer A. Whitaker - Baylor College of MedicineSusan J. Little - University of California, San DiegoSatoshi Kamidani - Emory UniversityEmmanuel B. Walter - Duke UniversityRichard M. Novak - University of Illinois Urbana-ChampaignRichard Rupp - The University of Texas Medical Branch at GalvestonLisa A. Jackson - Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research InstituteChenchen Yu - Fred Hutch Cancer CenterCraig A. Magaret - Fred Hutch Cancer CenterCindy Molitor - Fred Hutch Cancer CenterBhavesh Borate - Fred Hutch Cancer CenterSydney Busch - Emory UniversityDavid Benkeser - Emory UniversityAntonia Netzl - University of CambridgeDerek J. Smith - University of CambridgeTara M. Babu - University of WashingtonAngelica C. Kottkamp - New York UniversityAnne F. Luetkemeyer - University of California, San FranciscoLilly C. Immergluck - Morehouse School of MedicineRachel M. Presti - Washington University in St. LouisMartín Bäcker - University of UtahPatricia L. Winokur - University of IowaSiham M. Mahgoub - Howard University HospitalPaul A. Goepfert - University of Alabama at BirminghamDahlene N. Fusco - Tulane UniversityRobert L. Atmar - Baylor College of MedicineChristine M. Posavad - Fred Hutch Cancer CenterJinjian Mu - EmmesMat Makowski - EmmesMamodikoe K. Makhene - National Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesSeema U. Nayak - National Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesPaul C. Roberts - National Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesPeter B. Gilbert - Fred Hutch Cancer CenterDean Follmann - National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
- Resource Type
- Journal article
- Publication Details
- Nature communications, Vol.16(1), 759
- Publisher
- Nature Publishing Group UK
- DOI
- 10.1038/s41467-025-55931-w
- PMID
- 39824819
- PMCID
- PMC11748719
- ISSN
- 2041-1723
- eISSN
- 2041-1723
- Grant note
- contract 75N910D00024, task order 75N91022F00007; contract 75N910D00024, task order no. 75N91022F00007; 75N93021C00012; UM1AI148684; 75N93021C00014; R37AI054165 / U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) (https://doi.org/10.13039/100000060) Contract no. 75A50122C00008; 75A50122C00008; 75N93021D00021 / U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA) (https://doi.org/10.13039/100012399) Gates Cambridge Trust (https://doi.org/10.13039/501100005370)
- Language
- English
- Date published
- 01/17/2025
- Academic Unit
- Infectious Diseases; Medicine Administration; Internal Medicine
- Record Identifier
- 9984774238002771
Metrics
1 Record Views