Nicotinamide Riboside Is a Major NAD+ Precursor Vitamin in Cow Milk

Samuel A J Trammell; Liping Yu; Philip Redpath; Marie E Migaud; Charles Brenner

doi:10.3945/jn.116.230078

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Nicotinamide Riboside Is a Major NAD+ Precursor Vitamin in Cow Milk

Journal article

Open access

Peer reviewed

Nicotinamide Riboside Is a Major NAD+ Precursor Vitamin in Cow Milk

Samuel A J Trammell, Liping Yu, Philip Redpath, Marie E Migaud and Charles Brenner

The Journal of nutrition, Vol.146(5), pp.957-963

05/2016

DOI: 10.3945/jn.116.230078

PMCID: PMC6879052

PMID: 27052539

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Abstract

Nicotinamide riboside (NR) is a recently discovered NAD(+) precursor vitamin with a unique biosynthetic pathway. Although the presence of NR in cow milk has been known for more than a decade, the concentration of NR with respect to the other NAD(+) precursors was unknown. We aimed to determine NAD(+) precursor vitamin concentration in raw samples of milk from individual cows and from commercially available cow milk. LC tandem mass spectrometry and isotope dilution technologies were used to quantify NAD(+) precursor vitamin concentration and to measure NR stability in raw and commercial milk. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was used to test for NR binding to substances in milk. Cow milk typically contained ∼12 μmol NAD(+) precursor vitamins/L, of which 60% was present as nicotinamide and 40% was present as NR. Nicotinic acid and other NAD(+) metabolites were below the limits of detection. Milk from samples testing positive for Staphylococcus aureus contained lower concentrations of NR (Spearman ρ = -0.58, P = 0.014), and NR was degraded by S. aureus Conventional milk contained more NR than milk sold as organic. Nonetheless, NR was stable in organic milk and exhibited an NMR spectrum consistent with association with a protein fraction in skim milk. NR is a major NAD(+) precursor vitamin in cow milk. Control of S. aureus may be important to preserve the NAD(+) precursor vitamin concentration of milk.

Commerce

Milk Proteins - metabolism

Niacin - analysis

Niacinamide - analogs & derivatives

Milk - chemistry

Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy - methods

Milk - microbiology

Provitamins - analysis

Food Microbiology

Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Animals

Food, Organic

Cattle

Female

Vitamin B Complex - analysis

Niacinamide - analysis

Staphylococcus aureus - growth & development

NAD - metabolism

Details

Title: Subtitle: Nicotinamide Riboside Is a Major NAD+ Precursor Vitamin in Cow Milk
Creators: Samuel A J Trammell - Department of Biochemistry, Carver College of Medicine, Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Genetics, and
Liping Yu - Department of Biochemistry, Carver College of Medicine, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Facility, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA; and
Philip Redpath - Queen's University Belfast, School of Pharmacy, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
Marie E Migaud - Department of Biochemistry, Carver College of Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, School of Pharmacy, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
Charles Brenner - Department of Biochemistry, Carver College of Medicine, Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Genetics, and charles-brenner@uiowa.edu
Resource Type: Journal article
Publication Details: The Journal of nutrition, Vol.146(5), pp.957-963
DOI: 10.3945/jn.116.230078
PMID: 27052539
PMCID: PMC6879052
NLM abbreviation: J Nutr
ISSN: 0022-3166
eISSN: 1541-6100
Publisher: United States
Grant note: Supported by the Roy J. Carver Trust.
Language: English
Date published: 05/2016
Academic Unit: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Medicine Administration; Internal Medicine
Record Identifier: 9983788599302771

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