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Nicotinamide riboside and nicotinic acid riboside salvage in fungi and mammals. Quantitative basis for Urh1 and purine nucleoside phosphorylase function in NAD+ metabolism
Journal article   Open access   Peer reviewed

Nicotinamide riboside and nicotinic acid riboside salvage in fungi and mammals. Quantitative basis for Urh1 and purine nucleoside phosphorylase function in NAD+ metabolism

Peter Belenky, Kathryn C Christensen, Francesca Gazzaniga, Alexandre A Pletnev and Charles Brenner
The Journal of biological chemistry, Vol.284(1), pp.158-164
01/02/2009
DOI: 10.1074/jbc.M807976200
PMCID: PMC2610512
PMID: 19001417
url
https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M807976200View
Published (Version of record) Open Access

Abstract

NAD+ is a co-enzyme for hydride transfer enzymes and an essential substrate of ADP-ribose transfer enzymes and sirtuins, the type III protein lysine deacetylases related to yeast Sir2. Supplementation of yeast cells with nicotinamide riboside extends replicative lifespan and increases Sir2-dependent gene silencing by virtue of increasing net NAD+ synthesis. Nicotinamide riboside elevates NAD+ levels via the nicotinamide riboside kinase pathway and by a pathway initiated by splitting the nucleoside into a nicotinamide base followed by nicotinamide salvage. Genetic evidence has established that uridine hydrolase, purine nucleoside phosphorylase, and methylthioadenosine phosphorylase are required for Nrk-independent utilization of nicotinamide riboside in yeast. Here we show that mammalian purine nucleoside phosphorylase but not methylthioadenosine phosphorylase is responsible for mammalian nicotinamide riboside kinase-independent nicotinamide riboside utilization. We demonstrate that so-called uridine hydrolase is 100-fold more active as a nicotinamide riboside hydrolase than as a uridine hydrolase and that uridine hydrolase and mammalian purine nucleoside phosphorylase cleave nicotinic acid riboside, whereas the yeast phosphorylase has little activity on nicotinic acid riboside. Finally, we show that yeast nicotinic acid riboside utilization largely depends on uridine hydrolase and nicotinamide riboside kinase and that nicotinic acid riboside bioavailability is increased by ester modification.
NAD - genetics Histone Deacetylases - genetics Niacinamide - metabolism Silent Information Regulator Proteins, Saccharomyces cerevisiae - metabolism Saccharomyces cerevisiae - genetics Humans Histone Deacetylases - metabolism Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor) - genetics Purine-Nucleoside Phosphorylase - genetics Silent Information Regulator Proteins, Saccharomyces cerevisiae - genetics Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor) - metabolism Saccharomyces cerevisiae - metabolism Sirtuin 2 Niacinamide - genetics Purine-Nucleoside Phosphorylase - metabolism Sirtuins - genetics Sirtuins - metabolism NAD - metabolism

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