Journal article
Nitrate in public water supplies and the risk of renal cell carcinoma
Cancer causes & control, Vol.18(10), pp.1141-1151
12/2007
DOI: 10.1007/s10552-007-9053-1
PMID: 17717631
Abstract
Drinking water and dietary sources of nitrate and nitrite can react in vivo with amines and amides to form N-nitroso compounds (NOC), potent animal carcinogens. Nitrate is a widespread contaminant of drinking water supplies especially in agricultural areas. We conducted a population-based case-control study of renal cell carcinoma in 1986-1989 in Iowa, a state with elevated levels in many public water supplies. We collected a lifetime water source history, but due to limited monitoring data, most analyses focused on the subpopulation, who used Iowa public supplies with nitrate measurements (actual or imputed data) for > or = 70% of their person-years since 1960 (201 cases, 1,244 controls). We computed the average nitrate level and years using a public supply with nitrate levels >5 and >10 mg/l. Dietary nitrate and nitrite were estimated from a 55-item food frequency questionnaire. There was no association of renal cell carcinoma with the average nitrate level and years using public supplies >5 and >10 mg/l nitrate-nitrogen (10+ years >5 mg/l odds ratio (OR) = 1.03, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.66, 1.60). However, higher nitrate exposure was associated with an increased risk among subgroups with above the median red meat intake (10+ years >5 mg/l OR = 1.91, 95% CI 1.04-3.51) or below the median vitamin C intake (10+ years >5 mg/l OR = 1.90, 95% CI 1.01, 3.56), dietary factors that increase the endogenous formation of NOC. Exclusion of long-term Des Moines residents, a large proportion of the high exposure categories, attenuated the association. These findings deserve additional study in populations with high water nitrate intake and information on dietary intakes.
Details
- Title: Subtitle
- Nitrate in public water supplies and the risk of renal cell carcinoma
- Creators
- Mary H Ward - Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. wardm@mail.nih.govJennifer A RusieckiCharles F LynchKenneth P Cantor
- Resource Type
- Journal article
- Publication Details
- Cancer causes & control, Vol.18(10), pp.1141-1151
- Publisher
- Netherlands
- DOI
- 10.1007/s10552-007-9053-1
- PMID
- 17717631
- ISSN
- 0957-5243
- eISSN
- 1573-7225
- Grant note
- Intramural NIH HHS N01-CP-51026 / NCI NIH HHS N01-CP-85614 / NCI NIH HHS
- Language
- English
- Date published
- 12/2007
- Academic Unit
- Epidemiology
- Record Identifier
- 9983995101902771
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