Non-Thermal Atmospheric Plasma Enhances Biological Effects of Fluoride on Oral Biofilms

Anushri Warang; Isha Deol; Sarah Fakher; Linfeng Wu; Liang Hong; Shaoping Zhang; Qingsong Yu; Hongmin Sun

doi:10.3390/jfb16040132

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Non-Thermal Atmospheric Plasma Enhances Biological Effects of Fluoride on Oral Biofilms

Journal article

Open access

Peer reviewed

Non-Thermal Atmospheric Plasma Enhances Biological Effects of Fluoride on Oral Biofilms

Anushri Warang, Isha Deol, Sarah Fakher, Linfeng Wu, Liang Hong, Shaoping Zhang, Qingsong Yu and Hongmin Sun

Journal of functional biomaterials, Vol.16(4), 132

04/05/2025

DOI: 10.3390/jfb16040132

PMCID: PMC12027581

PMID: 40278240

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Abstract

The objective of this study was an assessment of the anti-biofilm properties of fluoride non-thermal atmospheric plasma (FNTAP) generated using argon and hydrocarbon fluoride gas 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (TFE). These properties were evaluated by measuring the destruction and recovery of in vitro dual-species biofilms of and exposed to FNTAP at 5 or 10 standard cubic centimeters per minute (sccm) or argon non-thermal atmospheric plasma (ArNTAP) for 1 or 2 min, using resazurin-based reagent viability assays, colony forming units (CFU), culture media pH and live/dead staining. Both ArNTAP and FNTAP resulted in significant immediate reductions in bacterial load as compared to the control. Although ArNTAP did not significantly reduce biofilm regrowth, FNTAP treatment showed a bacterial load reduction of more than 5 log units of biofilm regrowth. FNTAP treatments significantly reduced the acidification of the culture medium after recovery incubation, indicating reduced living bacteria, with a pH of 6.92 ± 0.02 and 6.90 ± 0.03, respectively, for the 5 sccm and 10 sccm FNTAP treatments, as compared to a pH of 5.83 ± 0.26 for the ArNTAP treatment, and a significantly acidic pH of 4.76 ± 0.04 for the no-treatment groups. Our results suggest that FNTAP has exceptional anti-biofilm effects, and future directions of our research include the assessment of potential applications of FNTAP in clinical settings.

Dental Caries

Biofilms

fluoride

Streptococcus sanguinis

non-thermal atmospheric plasma

Streptococcus mutans

Details

Title: Subtitle: Non-Thermal Atmospheric Plasma Enhances Biological Effects of Fluoride on Oral Biofilms
Creators: Anushri Warang - University of Missouri
Isha Deol - University of Missouri
Sarah Fakher - University of Missouri
Linfeng Wu - University of Dallas
Liang Hong - University of Dallas
Shaoping Zhang - University of Iowa
Qingsong Yu - University of Missouri
Hongmin Sun - University of Missouri
Resource Type: Journal article
Publication Details: Journal of functional biomaterials, Vol.16(4), 132
DOI: 10.3390/jfb16040132
PMID: 40278240
PMCID: PMC12027581
NLM abbreviation: J Funct Biomater
ISSN: 2079-4983
eISSN: 2079-4983
Publisher: MDPI
Grant note: 1R21DE031868-01A1 / NIH HHS RIF fund / University of MIssouri
Language: English
Date published: 04/05/2025
Academic Unit: Periodontics
Record Identifier: 9984813298402771

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