ONRT free-running CFD and system based simulations for transient maneuvers

Christian Milano; Yugo Sanada; Zhaoyuan Wang; Serge Toxopeus; Frederick Stern

doi:10.1007/s40722-026-00524-y

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ONRT free-running CFD and system based simulations for transient maneuvers

Journal article

Open access

Peer reviewed

ONRT free-running CFD and system based simulations for transient maneuvers

Christian Milano, Yugo Sanada, Zhaoyuan Wang, Serge Toxopeus and Frederick Stern

Journal of ocean engineering and marine energy

07/18/2026

DOI: 10.1007/s40722-026-00524-y

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Abstract

A comprehensive evaluation of free-running Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and System-Based (SB) approaches is presented for simulating transient maneuvers of the Office of Naval Research Tumblehome (ONRT) surface combatant, with a current focus on operations in calm water. The transient maneuvers considered include crashback, crash-ahead, turning from rest [Acceleration Turning (AT)], turning at rest, and complete in-behind four-quadrant propulsion operation. Simulations are conducted across multiple vessel speeds using two CFD solvers (CFDShip-Iowa V4.5 and ReFRESCO), and one SB method (aNySim-XMF). The research is performed in support of NATO AVT-399, which aims to assess the predictive capabilities of current tools relative to the STANAG maneuvering performance criteria. According to the CFD and SB predictions for cruising speed, the ONRT will satisfy STANAG criteria regarding stopping and turning from rest abilities. Notable differences between CFD and SB predictions arise in turning at rest scenarios due to complex propeller inflow effects and the omission of propeller side-force modeling in the SB approach. AT simulations exhibit significant differences in transient maneuvering metrics, such as Time to reach 90° ($${T}_{90}^{*}$$T 90 ∗ ) and Advance (AD), compared to previous CFD and experimental results for conventional turning circle maneuvers, attributable to reduced initial forward speed. Ongoing and future efforts include the development of scale-effect correlation curves, additional crashback and transient Propeller Open-Water (POW), and targeted experiments in the Iowa Institute of Hydraulic Research (IIHR) wave basin. These efforts aim to enhance the predictive fidelity of both CFD and SB approaches in support of mission-specific naval performance requirements.

Transient maneuvering

CFD

System-based models

Criteria

Four-quadrant

Self-propulsion

UIOWA OA Agreement

Details

Title: Subtitle: ONRT free-running CFD and system based simulations for transient maneuvers
Creators: Christian Milano - University of Iowa
Yugo Sanada
Zhaoyuan Wang
Serge Toxopeus - Maritime Research Institute Netherlands
Frederick Stern - University of Iowa
Resource Type: Journal article
Publication Details: Journal of ocean engineering and marine energy
DOI: 10.1007/s40722-026-00524-y
ISSN: 2198-6444
eISSN: 2198-6452
Publisher: Springer Nature
Grant note: Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs and Dutch Materiel and IT Command (COMMIT): M2350 Office of Naval Research: N00014-22-1-2597, N00014-24-1-2083, and N00014-25-1-2336
The IIHR research is sponsored by the Office of Naval Research under grants N00014-22-1-2597, N00014-24-1-2083, and N00014-25-1-2336 under the administration of Dr Robert Brizzolara. The research by MARIN is partly funded by the Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs and by the Dutch Materiel and IT Command (COMMIT) under programme M2350.
Language: English
Electronic publication date: 07/18/2026
Academic Unit: IIHR--Hydroscience and Engineering; Mechanical Engineering
Record Identifier: 9985183560502771

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