Observations of the Development and Vertical Structure of the Lake-Breeze Circulation during the 2017 Lake Michigan Ozone Study

Timothy J. Wagner; Alan C. Czarnetzki; Megan Christiansen; R. Bradley Pierce; Charles O. Stanier; Angela F. Dickens; Edwin W. Eloranta

doi:10.1175/JAS-D-20-0297.1

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Observations of the Development and Vertical Structure of the Lake-Breeze Circulation during the 2017 Lake Michigan Ozone Study

Journal article

Open access

Peer reviewed

Observations of the Development and Vertical Structure of the Lake-Breeze Circulation during the 2017 Lake Michigan Ozone Study

Timothy J. Wagner, Alan C. Czarnetzki, Megan Christiansen, R. Bradley Pierce, Charles O. Stanier, Angela F. Dickens and Edwin W. Eloranta

Journal of the atmospheric sciences, Vol.79(4), p.1005

04/01/2022

DOI: 10.1175/JAS-D-20-0297.1

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Abstract

Ground-based thermodynamic and kinematic profilers were placed adjacent to the western shore of Lake Michigan at two sites as part of the 2017 Lake Michigan Ozone Study. The southern site near Zion, Illinois, hosted a microwave radiometer (MWR) and a sodar wind profiler, while the northern site in Sheboygan, Wisconsin, featured an Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Interferometer (AERI), a Doppler lidar, and a High Spectral Resolution Lidar (HSRL). Each site experienced several lake-breeze events during the experiment. Composite time series and time–height cross sections were constructed relative to the lake-breeze arrival time so that commonalities across events could be explored. The composited surface observations indicate that the wind direction of the lake breeze was consistently southeasterly at both sites regardless of its direction before the arrival of the lake-breeze front. Surface relative humidity increased with the arriving lake breeze, though this was due to cooler air temperatures as absolute moisture content stayed the same or decreased. The profiler observations show that the lake breeze penetrated deeper when the local environment was unstable and preexisting flow was weak. The cold air associated with the lake breeze remained confined to the lowest 200 m of the troposphere even if the wind shift was observed at higher altitudes. The evolution of the lake breeze corresponded well to observed changes in baroclinicity and calculated changes in circulation. Collocated observations of aerosols showed increases in number and mass concentrations after the passage of the lake-breeze front.

Air circulation

Air temperature

Baroclinic mode

Baroclinity

Breeze circulation

Cold flow

Doppler lidar

Doppler sonar

Inland waters

Lakes

Lidar

Microwave radiometers

Moisture content

Moisture effects

Ozone

Profilers

Radiance

Radiometers

Relative humidity

Sodar

Spectral emittance

Spectral resolution

Troposphere

Vertical profiles

Water content

Wind

Wind direction

Details

Title: Subtitle: Observations of the Development and Vertical Structure of the Lake-Breeze Circulation during the 2017 Lake Michigan Ozone Study
Creators: Timothy J. Wagner
Alan C. Czarnetzki
Megan Christiansen
R. Bradley Pierce
Charles O. Stanier
Angela F. Dickens
Edwin W. Eloranta
Resource Type: Journal article
Publication Details: Journal of the atmospheric sciences, Vol.79(4), p.1005
DOI: 10.1175/JAS-D-20-0297.1
ISSN: 0022-4928
eISSN: 1520-0469
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Grant note: DOI: 10.13039/100000192, name: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, award: NA15NES432001; DOI: 10.13039/100000159, name: Division of Atmospheric and Geospace Sciences, award: AGS-1712909; DOI: 10.13039/100000159, name: Division of Atmospheric and Geospace Sciences, award: AGS-1713001; DOI: 10.13039/100000159, name: Division of Atmospheric and Geospace Sciences, award: AGS-1712828
Language: English
Date published: 04/01/2022
Academic Unit: Iowa Technology Institute; Chemical and Biochemical Engineering
Record Identifier: 9984267260302771

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