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Optical coherence tomography in multiple sclerosis: A 3-year prospective multicenter study
Journal article   Open access   Peer reviewed

Optical coherence tomography in multiple sclerosis: A 3-year prospective multicenter study

Friedemann Paul, Peter Calabresi, Frederik Barkhof, Randy Kardon, Jaume Sastre-Garriga, Sven Schippling, Patrick Vermersch, Shiv Saidha, Bianca Gerendas, Ursula Schmidt-Erfurth, …
Annals of clinical and translational neurology, Vol.8(12), pp.2235-2251
12/01/2021
DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51473
PMCID: PMC8670323
PMID: 34792863
url
https://doi.org/10.1002/acn3.51473 View
Published (Version of record) Open Access

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate changes over 3 years in the thickness of inner retinal layers including the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL), and combined macular ganglion cell and inner plexiform layers (mGCIPL), in individuals with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) versus healthy controls; to determine whether optical coherence tomography (OCT) is sufficiently sensitive and reproducible to detect small degrees of neuroaxonal loss over time that correlate with changes in brain volume and disability progression as measured by the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS). METHODS: Individuals with RRMS from 28 centers (n = 333) were matched with 64 healthy participants. OCT scans were performed on Heidelberg Spectralis machines (at baseline; 1 month; 6 months; 6-monthly thereafter). RESULTS: OCT measurements were highly reproducible between baseline and 1 month (intraclass correlation coefficient >0.98). Significant inner retinal layer thinning was observed in individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS) compared with controls regardless of previous MS-associated optic neuritis--group differences (95% CI) over 3 years: pRNFL: -1.86 (-2.54, -1.17) µm; mGCIPL: -2.03 (-2.78, -1.28) µm (both p 5 years (pRNFL: p < 0.05; mGCIPL: p < 0.01). Brain volume decreased by 1.3% in individuals with MS over 3 years compared to 0.5% in control subjects (effect size 0.76). mGCIPL atrophy correlated with brain atrophy (p < 0.0001). There was no correlation of OCT data with disability progression. INTERPRETATION: OCT has potential to estimate rates of neurodegeneration in the retina and brain. The effect size for OCT, smaller than for magnetic resonance imaging based on Heidelberg Spectralis data acquired in this study, was increased in early disease.
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